CHAPTER 3: The Three Systems of Speech Production Flashcards
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
The part of the speech production mechanism consisting of the lungs, rib cage, abdomen and associated muscles.
The respiratory system provides the major airstream of speech.
LARYNGEAL SYSTEM
The system of speech sound production identified anatomically with the larynx and functionally with control of phonation and voicing.
SUPRALARYNGEAL SYSTEM
The system of speech production consisting of the pharyngeal, oral, and nasal structures.
EGRESSIVE
Associated with outflowing air; egressive sounds are formed from an outflowing airstream.
INGRESSIVE
Associated with inflowing air; ingressive sounds are formed from an inflowing airstream.
THORACIC CAVITY
The chest cavity, containing the lungs, heart, and other organs.
BREATH GROUP
The sequence of syllables and/or words produced on a single breath.
LARYNX
The “voice box” of speech.
A structure made up of cartilage, muscles, and other tissues located within the neck.
The larynx is located on top of the trachea and below the pharynx.
The larynx serves to valve the airstream from the lungs.
TRACHEA
The “windpipe” that connects the lungs with the larynx, or “voice box.”
VOCAL FOLDS
The paired cushions of muscle and other tissue that vibrate within the larynx to produce the sound of voicing.
FUNDAMENTAL FREQUENCY OF THE VOICE
The basic rate of vibration of the vocal folds; fundamental frequency is the physical correlate of vocal pitch.
Symbolized as f0
A high fundamental frequency is associated with a high pitched voice.
A low fundamental frequency is associated with a low pitched voice.
HERTZ
The term that denotes one complete cycle of vibration.
Hertz, abbreviated Hz, is the unit of frequency measurement.
INTONATION
The pattern of fundamental frequency and sound duration in speech.
VELUM
The soft palate, especially its muscular portion.
The velum articulates to open or close the velopharynx.
SOFT PALATE
The velum, or soft-tissue structure that articulates to open or close the velopharynx.
PHARYNGEAL CAVITY
The space between the division of the oral and pharyngeal cavities and the entrance to the larynx.
Its anterior boundary is the root of the tongue, and its posterior boundary is the pharyngeal wall.
ORAL CAVITY
The space between the lips and the entrance to the pharynx.
NASAL CAVITY
The space between the nares (nostrils) and the entrance into the pharynx.
VELOPHARYNGEAL PORT
The opening between the oropharynx and the nasal cavity, which can be closed to prevent the nasal transmission of sound.
TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT
The hinge joint by which the jaw, or mandible, attaches to the temporal bone of the skull.
BLADE OF THE TONGUE
The portion of the tongue that is located behind the tip and in front of the dorsum.
The blade is the part of the tongue used to produce the sh consonant.
DORSUM OF THE TONGUE
The portion of the tongue located between the root and the blade.
The back of the tongue.
The dorsum is the part of the tongue used to produce the g consonant (i.e. “go”).
ROOT OF THE TONGUE
The part of the tongue that reaches downward from the dorsum of the tongue to the epiglottis and larynx.
The root does not actually make contacts or closures for English consonants, but it is important in shaping the vocal tract for vowel and consonant sounds.
