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Theoretical introduction to research methods > Chapter 3 - the three claims and four validities > Flashcards

Chapter 3 - the three claims and four validities Flashcards

1
Q

What is the manipulated variable?

A

Independent variable

Controlled by the researcher

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2
Q

What is the dependent variable?

A

Dependent variable

Cannot be controlled by the researcher

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3
Q

What is operationalise a variable?

A

Make them measurable

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4
Q

What are the 3 types of claims in surveys?

A

Frequency claims

Association claims

Causality claims

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5
Q

Frequency claim

A

Says something about the amount of occurrence

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6
Q

Association claim

A

Says something about a connection

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7
Q

Causality claim

A

Does say something about cause and effect

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8
Q

What are the requirements for a causality claim?

A

Correlation

One way traffic = temporal precedence

No alternative explanation

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9
Q

Validity

A

Refers to realism/accuracy of the research

The research indeed investigates what it claims or aims to

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10
Q

What are the four research validities?

A

Construct validity

External validity

Statistical validity

Internal validity

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11
Q

Construct validity

A

To what extent is the variable operationalised?

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12
Q

External validity

A

To what extent is research extendable to a larger whole/broader population

How representative is it?

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13
Q

Statistical validity

A

How strong are the results that were found?

What is the probability that these results woud be found by chance?

What is the probability that the type 1 and type 2 errors are made?

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14
Q

Internal validity

A

Did the variables measured/manipulated in this study cause the results?

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15
Q

What are the relevant validities for the frequency claim?

A

Construct validity

External validity

Statistical validity

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16
Q

What are the relevant validities for the association claim?

A

Construct validity

External validity

Statistical validity

17
Q

What are the relevant validities for the causal claim?

A

Internal validity is most important, but so are the other three

18
Q

False positive (Type 1 error)

A

From the results, there does appear to be an association between tow variables when in fact there is not

19
Q

False negative (Type 2 error)

A

From the results it does not seem to be an association, but in reality it is

20
Q

What are the 3 requirements for establishing causality?

A

Covariance

Temporal precedence

Internal validity

21
Q
A

Theoretical introduction to research methods (9 decks)

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