Chapter 10 - Introduction to simple experiments

Question 1

What is the only way of to determine causality?

Answer 1

Using an experiment

Question 2

Control variable

Answer 2

A variable that is always internationally kept constant in the experiment

Question 3

Why do experiments support causal claims?

Answer 3

Because the researcher can apply:

Covariance

Temporal

Precedence

Internal validity

Question 4

How can you measure covariance?

Answer 4

By controlling for a control group/placebo group and an experimental group/treatment group

Question 5

Design confounds

Answer 5

When a researcher makes an error in signing the independent variable

Question 6

What does systematic variability indicate?

Answer 6

That there is a design confound

Question 7

When can selection effects occur?

Answer 7

When participants are allowed to choose which group they want and when the participants in one group systematically differ from those in the other group

Question 8

What is a solution to selection effects?

Answer 8

Random assignment

Question 9

Posttest only design

Answer 9

Participants are randomly assigned to independent variable groups and tested once on the dependent variable