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Medical Terminology For Health Professionals 8th Edition > Chapter 3 - The Skeletal System > Flashcards

Chapter 3 - The Skeletal System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Ossification

A

Bone developement begining after three months of life

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2
Q

Osteoclasts

A

They break down old or damaged bone for new bone formation

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3
Q

Osteoblasts

A

They help rebuid the bone

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4
Q

Periosteum

A

Tough fibrous tissue that forms the outermost covering of the bone

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5
Q

Compact bone

A

Dense hard and very strong bone that forms the protective outter later of the bones

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6
Q

Cortical bone

A

Compact bone

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7
Q

Spongy bone

A

Is porous, lighter and weaker than compact bone

Often where red bone marrow is located

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8
Q

Long bones

A

The ends of which have red bone marrow

Exampes, femur and humerus

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9
Q

Cancellous bone

A

Spongy bone

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10
Q

Medullary cavity

A

Central cavity located in the shaft of long bones where it is surrounded by compact bone

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11
Q

Medullary

A

Pertaining to the inner section

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12
Q

Endosteum

A

Tissue that lines the medullary cavity

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13
Q

Red bone marrow

A

Located within the spongy bone.

Hemopoietic tissue that manufactures red blood cells, hemoglobin, white blood cells, and thrombocytes

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14
Q

Homopoietic

A

Pertaining to the formation of blood cells

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15
Q

Yellow bone marrow

A

Functions as fat storage areas
Located in the medullary cavity of long bones
Red bone morrow is gradually replaced by yellow bone marrow after adolescence

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16
Q

Cartilage

A

Smooth rubbery blue-white connective tissue that acts as a shock absorber between bones

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17
Q

Articular cartilage

A

Covers the surface of bones where they come together to form joints

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18
Q

Articulate

A

Come together

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19
Q

Meniscus

A

Curved fibrous cartilage found in some joints

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20
Q

Diaphysis

A

Shaft of a long bone

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21
Q

Epishyses

A

Wide ends of long bones

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22
Q

Foramen

A

Opening in a bone through which blood vessels, nerves, and ligaments pass

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23
Q

Foramen magnum

A

Foramen of the occipital bone at the base of the skull

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24
Q

Process

A

Projection on the surface of a bone that serces as an attachement for a muscle or tendon

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25
Q

Mastoid process

A

Bony projection located on the temporal bone just behind the ears

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26
Q

Joints

A

Articulations, are places of union between two or more bones

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27
Q

Fibrous joints

A
  • Consist of inflexible layers of dense connective tissue

- hold bones tightly together

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28
Q

Sutures

A

Fibrous joints in adults

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29
Q

Fontanelles

A

“Soft spots” present on the skull of a newborn

Considered a fiberous joint

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30
Q

Cartilaginous joint

A

Allow only slight movement and consist of bones connected entirely by cartliage

31
Q

Public symphysis

A

Allows some movement to facilitate childbirth

32
Q

Synovial joints (definition and types)

A

Permit a variety of movments
Described based on their type of movement
-ball and socket (hips, shoulders)
-hinge (knee and elbows)

33
Q

Synovial capsule

A

Outermost layer of stong fibrous tissue that resembles a sleeve as it surrounds the joint

34
Q

Synovial membrane

A

Lines the capsule and scretes synovial fluid

35
Q

Synovial fluid

A

Lubricant to make smooth movement of the joint possible

36
Q

Ligaments

A

Bands of fibroud tissue that form joints by connecting one bone to another bone or by joining a bone to cartilage

37
Q

Burse

A

Fibrous sac that acts as a cushion to ease movement in areas that are subject to friction such

38
Q

Bone in adult skelaton

A

206

39
Q

Axial skelaton

A
  • Protects major organs of the nervous, respiratory, and circulatory system
  • Five parts :
    1) skull
    2) middle ear
    3) hyoid bone
    4) rib cage
    5) vertebral colum
40
Q

Appendicular skeleton

A
  • Makes body movement possible
  • protects organs of digestion, excretion, and reproduction
  • parts
    1) upper extremities
    2) lower extremities
41
Q

Upper extremities

A

Shoulders, arms, forearms, wrists, and hands

42
Q

Lower extremities

A

Hips, thighs, logs, ankles, feet

43
Q

Appendage

A

Anything attached to a major part of the body

44
Q

Skull

A

8 bones of the cranium
14 bones of the face
6 bones of he middle ear

45
Q

Frontal bone

A

Cranium bone

Forms the forehead

46
Q

Parietal bone

A

Cranium bone

2 form most of the roof and upper sides of the crainum

47
Q

Occipital bone

A

Cranium bone

Forms the back part of the skull and the base of cranium

48
Q

Extermal auditory meatus

A

Cranium bone

Opening of the external auditory canal of the outter ear

49
Q

Sphenoid bone

A

Irregular wedge shaped bone at the base of the skull

Helps form the base of the craium, sides of the skull and the floors and sides of the eye sockets

50
Q

Ethmoid bone

A

Cranium bone

Light spongy bone located at the roof and sides of the nose

51
Q

Auditory ossicles

A

Three tiny bones located in each middle ear

1) malleus
2) incus
3) stapes

52
Q

Nasal bone

A

Form the upper part of the bridge of he nose

53
Q

Zygomatic bones

A

Cheek bones

54
Q

Maxillary bones

A

Form the most upper jaw

55
Q

Palatine bone

A

Form the anterior part of the hard palate of the mouth and floor of the nose

56
Q

Lacrimal bone

A

Make up part of the orbit at the inner angle

57
Q

Inferior conchae

A

This scroll-like bones that form pat of the interor of the nose

58
Q

Vomer bone

A

Forms the base for the nasal septum

59
Q

Mandible

A

Jawbone

The only movable bone of the skull

60
Q

Temporomandibular joint

A

TMJ: jawbone joint

61
Q

Rib cage

A

Thoracic cavity

62
Q

Thoracic cavity

A

Bony structure that protects the heart and lungs

63
Q

True ribs

A
  • first seven

- attach anteriorly to the sternum

64
Q

False ribs

A
  • next three ribs

- attached anteriorly to cartilage that connects them to the sternum

65
Q

Floating ribs

A
  • last two pairs of ribs

- attach only posteriorly to the vertebrae

66
Q

Sternum

A
  • breast bone

- flat dagggar shaped bone located in the middle of the chest

67
Q

Manibrium

A

Bondy structure that forms the upper portion of the sternum

68
Q

Body of the sternum (term and definition)

A
  • gladiolus

- bony stucture that forms the middle portion of the sternum

69
Q

Xiphoid process

A

Stucture made of carliage that forms the lower portion of the sternum

70
Q

Xiphoid

A

Greek for straight sword

71
Q

Pectoral girdle

A

Supports the arms and hands

Also known as the shoulder girdle

72
Q

Clavicle

A

Collar bone

Connects the manubrium to the scapula

73
Q

Scapula

A

Shoulder blade

74
Q

Acromion

A

Extension of the scalula that forms the high point of the shoulder

Medical Terminology For Health Professionals 8th Edition (3 decks)

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