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Medical Terminology For Health Professionals 8th Edition > Chapter 3 - The Skeletal System > Flashcards

Chapter 3 - The Skeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

Ossification

A

Bone developement begining after three months of life

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2
Q

Osteoclasts

A

They break down old or damaged bone for new bone formation

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3
Q

Osteoblasts

A

They help rebuid the bone

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4
Q

Periosteum

A

Tough fibrous tissue that forms the outermost covering of the bone

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5
Q

Compact bone

A

Dense hard and very strong bone that forms the protective outter later of the bones

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6
Q

Cortical bone

A

Compact bone

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7
Q

Spongy bone

A

Is porous, lighter and weaker than compact bone

Often where red bone marrow is located

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8
Q

Long bones

A

The ends of which have red bone marrow

Exampes, femur and humerus

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9
Q

Cancellous bone

A

Spongy bone

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10
Q

Medullary cavity

A

Central cavity located in the shaft of long bones where it is surrounded by compact bone

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11
Q

Medullary

A

Pertaining to the inner section

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12
Q

Endosteum

A

Tissue that lines the medullary cavity

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13
Q

Red bone marrow

A

Located within the spongy bone.

Hemopoietic tissue that manufactures red blood cells, hemoglobin, white blood cells, and thrombocytes

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14
Q

Homopoietic

A

Pertaining to the formation of blood cells

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15
Q

Yellow bone marrow

A

Functions as fat storage areas
Located in the medullary cavity of long bones
Red bone morrow is gradually replaced by yellow bone marrow after adolescence

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16
Q

Cartilage

A

Smooth rubbery blue-white connective tissue that acts as a shock absorber between bones

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17
Q

Articular cartilage

A

Covers the surface of bones where they come together to form joints

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18
Q

Articulate

A

Come together

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19
Q

Meniscus

A

Curved fibrous cartilage found in some joints

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20
Q

Diaphysis

A

Shaft of a long bone

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21
Q

Epishyses

A

Wide ends of long bones

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22
Q

Foramen

A

Opening in a bone through which blood vessels, nerves, and ligaments pass

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23
Q

Foramen magnum

A

Foramen of the occipital bone at the base of the skull

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24
Q

Process

A

Projection on the surface of a bone that serces as an attachement for a muscle or tendon

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25
Mastoid process
Bony projection located on the temporal bone just behind the ears
26
Joints
Articulations, are places of union between two or more bones
27
Fibrous joints
- Consist of inflexible layers of dense connective tissue | - hold bones tightly together
28
Sutures
Fibrous joints in adults
29
Fontanelles
"Soft spots" present on the skull of a newborn | Considered a fiberous joint
30
Cartilaginous joint
Allow only slight movement and consist of bones connected entirely by cartliage
31
Public symphysis
Allows some movement to facilitate childbirth
32
Synovial joints (definition and types)
Permit a variety of movments Described based on their type of movement -ball and socket (hips, shoulders) -hinge (knee and elbows)
33
Synovial capsule
Outermost layer of stong fibrous tissue that resembles a sleeve as it surrounds the joint
34
Synovial membrane
Lines the capsule and scretes synovial fluid
35
Synovial fluid
Lubricant to make smooth movement of the joint possible
36
Ligaments
Bands of fibroud tissue that form joints by connecting one bone to another bone or by joining a bone to cartilage
37
Burse
Fibrous sac that acts as a cushion to ease movement in areas that are subject to friction such
38
Bone in adult skelaton
206
39
Axial skelaton
- Protects major organs of the nervous, respiratory, and circulatory system - Five parts : 1) skull 2) middle ear 3) hyoid bone 4) rib cage 5) vertebral colum
40
Appendicular skeleton
- Makes body movement possible - protects organs of digestion, excretion, and reproduction - parts 1) upper extremities 2) lower extremities
41
Upper extremities
Shoulders, arms, forearms, wrists, and hands
42
Lower extremities
Hips, thighs, logs, ankles, feet
43
Appendage
Anything attached to a major part of the body
44
Skull
8 bones of the cranium 14 bones of the face 6 bones of he middle ear
45
Frontal bone
Cranium bone | Forms the forehead
46
Parietal bone
Cranium bone | 2 form most of the roof and upper sides of the crainum
47
Occipital bone
Cranium bone | Forms the back part of the skull and the base of cranium
48
Extermal auditory meatus
Cranium bone | Opening of the external auditory canal of the outter ear
49
Sphenoid bone
Irregular wedge shaped bone at the base of the skull | Helps form the base of the craium, sides of the skull and the floors and sides of the eye sockets
50
Ethmoid bone
Cranium bone | Light spongy bone located at the roof and sides of the nose
51
Auditory ossicles
Three tiny bones located in each middle ear 1) malleus 2) incus 3) stapes
52
Nasal bone
Form the upper part of the bridge of he nose
53
Zygomatic bones
Cheek bones
54
Maxillary bones
Form the most upper jaw
55
Palatine bone
Form the anterior part of the hard palate of the mouth and floor of the nose
56
Lacrimal bone
Make up part of the orbit at the inner angle
57
Inferior conchae
This scroll-like bones that form pat of the interor of the nose
58
Vomer bone
Forms the base for the nasal septum
59
Mandible
Jawbone | The only movable bone of the skull
60
Temporomandibular joint
TMJ: jawbone joint
61
Rib cage
Thoracic cavity
62
Thoracic cavity
Bony structure that protects the heart and lungs
63
True ribs
- first seven | - attach anteriorly to the sternum
64
False ribs
- next three ribs | - attached anteriorly to cartilage that connects them to the sternum
65
Floating ribs
- last two pairs of ribs | - attach only posteriorly to the vertebrae
66
Sternum
- breast bone | - flat dagggar shaped bone located in the middle of the chest
67
Manibrium
Bondy structure that forms the upper portion of the sternum
68
Body of the sternum (term and definition)
- gladiolus | - bony stucture that forms the middle portion of the sternum
69
Xiphoid process
Stucture made of carliage that forms the lower portion of the sternum
70
Xiphoid
Greek for straight sword
71
Pectoral girdle
Supports the arms and hands | Also known as the shoulder girdle
72
Clavicle
Collar bone | Connects the manubrium to the scapula
73
Scapula
Shoulder blade
74
Acromion
Extension of the scalula that forms the high point of the shoulder

Medical Terminology For Health Professionals 8th Edition (3 decks)

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