CHAPTER 3: The Scientific Self

Question 1

is a process where a single cell divides twice
to produce four cells containing half the original
amount of genetic information.

Answer 1

MEIOSIS

Question 1

is the process by which a cell replicates its
chromosomes and then segregates them,
producing two identical nuclei in preparation for
cell division.

Answer 1

MITOSIS

Question 2

involves the fusion of specialized reproductive cells
called gametes.

Answer 2

SEXUAL REPRODUCTION

Question 3

refers to the differences in appearance and behavior
between males and females of the same species.

Answer 3

SEXUAL DIMORPHISM

Question 4

These are specialized chromosomes that carry the genetic
information responsible for the development of sexual characteristics.

Answer 4

SEX CHROMOSOMES

Question 5

are the reproductive organs that produce gametes and sex
hormones.

Answer 5

GONADS

Question 6

produce eggs and hormones like estrogen and progesterone

Answer 6

ovaries

Question 7

which produce sperm and the
hormone testosterone

Answer 7

testes

Question 8

The development of sexual characteristics is influenced by a complex
interplay of genetic, hormonal, and environmental factors.

Answer 8

SEXUAL DEVELOPMENT

Question 9

meaning they have both male and female reproductive
organs.

Answer 9

HERMAPHRODITISM

Question 10

can be simultaneous, where an individual has functional male
and female organs at the same time

Answer 10

SEQUENTIAL HERMAPHRODITISM

Question 11

common in certain fish, mollusks, and plants

Answer 11

Sequential hermaphroditism

Question 12

involves the creation
of offspring without the involvement of gametes or fertilization.

Answer 12

ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION

Question 13

Humans have _____ pairs of chromosomes

Answer 13

23

Question 14

with ___ of those pairs being the sex chromosomes

Answer 14

one

Question 15

The two sex chromosomes are known as

Answer 15

X and Y

Question 16

are the basic units of heredity. They are segments of DNA
(deoxyribonucleic acid) that contain instructions for building and
maintaining an organism.

Answer 16

GENES

Question 17

Genes can exist in different forms called

Answer 17

ALLELES

Question 18

are variations of a
gene that can lead to different traits

Answer 18

ALLELES

Question 19

is a tool used to predict the possible genotypes and
phenotypes of offspring based on the alleles of their parents.

Answer 19

PUNNETT SQUARES

Question 20

known as the father of genetics, discovered fundamental
laws of inheritance through his experiments with pea plants.

Answer 20

Gregor Mendel

Question 21

Each individual carries two alleles for each trait,
and these alleles segregate (separate) during gamete formation, so each
gamete carries only oneallele for each trait.

Answer 21

Law of Segregation

Question 22

Alleles of different genes segregate
independently of one another during gamete formation, leading to
new combinations in offspring.

Answer 22

Law of Independent Assortment

Question 23

can result from mutations in genes.

Answer 23

GENETIC DISORDERS

Question 24

has expanded to include molecular genetics, which studies
the structure and function of genes at the molecular level.

Answer 24

MODERN GENETICS

Question 25

occurs when an individual has three copies of a particular chromosome instead of the
usual two.

Answer 25

Trisomy

Question 26

is the presence of only one copy of a chromosome in a pair instead of the usual two.

Answer 26

Monosomy

Question 27

A portion of a chromosome is missing.

Answer 27

Deletion

Question 28

A segment of a chromosome is duplicated, resulting in extra genetic material.

Answer 28

Duplication

Question 29

A portion of a chromosome is flipped or reversed.

Answer 29

Inversion

Question 30

Parts of two non-homologous chromosomes break off and switch places.

Answer 30

Translocation

Question 31

occurs when an individual has cells with different
chromosomal makeup.

Answer 31

Mosaicism