Chapter 3 - The English Colonies in North America Flashcards
1
Q
mercantilism
A
an economic policy in which nations try to gain wealth by controlling trade and establishing colonies
2
Q
new england colonies
A
- farming was difficult due to long, cold winters and rocky, hilly wilderness
- forest and sea provided useful resources and ways to make a living
- build economy on small farms, lumbering, fishing, shipbuilding, and trade
3
Q
middle colonies
A
- landscape ranged from rich soul of coastal new jersey and delaware to valleys and wooded mountains of new york and pennsylvania
- variety of crops and livestock
- lumbering, shipbuilding, etc. many opportunities
- many cultures and regions: quakers began pennsylvania, looking for religious freedom
- others followed
4
Q
southern colonies
A
- broad rivers and vast wetlands that gradually merged with the sea
- soil and hot, wet climate were ideal for growing cash crops
- wealthy colonists took advantage by establishing plantations and relied on indentured servants and african slaves to sow and harvest fields
- after harvest, crops would be transported to other colonies and europe
5
Q
massachusetts: new england colony
A
- separatists who wanted to separate from church and form own congregations moved to holland
- not english culture tho so mayflower
- landed at plymouth, helped by indians
- ten yrs later, puritans followed, wanting to build a community governed by rules of the Bible
6
Q
rhode island: new england colony
A
- roger williams wanted religious freedom, fled from family and met indians near narragansett bay
- bought land from indians and called it Providence
- two yrs later anne hutchinson followed and established settlement called Portsmouth
- 1647: joined together to become rhode island
- became one of largest slave-trading centers in the world
7
Q
connecticut: new england colony
A
- thomas hooker didn’t agree with laws and leadership in massachusetts
- moved and established settlement called Hartford, later combined to form connecticut
- fundamental orders guaranteed right to vote all men who were members of puritan church
- nearby New Haven colony was formed, laws stricter than connecticut
- neither colony legally authorized by king but 1662: king granted charter that included new haven and gave connecticut more rights
8
Q
new york: middle colony
A
- james, duke of york awarded large estates along hudson river to wealthy englishmen who charged high rents to farmers
- created great different in wealth and discouraged people from settling
- james expected to be moneymaking business: appointed people to run colony and issued his own laws and decided what new yorkers should pay in taxes
- less wealthy demanded right to elect assembly: after yrs of protest james allowed in 1683
- assembly passed 15 laws, then james abolished it till jacob leisler in 1689 was rebelled
- granted right to elect assembly in 1691
9
Q
pennsylvania: middle colony
A
- william penn and quakers believed in simple lifestyle and equality, established colony
- great law of 1682: promised equality, attracted settlers from different countries
- peace and prosperity; became first democracy in america
10
Q
maryland: southern colony
A
- george calvert wanted to start a colony “founded on religious freedom where there would not only be a good life, but also a prosperous one for those bold enough to take the risk” but died
- his son cecil was granted charter, named brother leonard as governor
- leonard and followers built st. mary’s city in 1634, following year agreed to let maryland elect assembly to govern colony
- saw that catholics would always be outnumbered, passed law guaranteeing religious liberty, the Act Concerning Religion which applied only to christians
- protestands and catholics remained suspicious of one another, wars, but took part in government together
11
Q
virginia: southern colony
A
- economy based on tobacco, need large number of workers so got indentured servants and african slaves
- elected assembly called House of Burgesses in 1619
- 1661: ^ passed law that made african workers slaves for life
- 1700: over 16,000 enslaved africans
12
Q
georgia: southern colony
A
- founded by group of englishmen who wanted to help poor people in england stay out of debtor’s prison
- king george ii liked plan bc georgia would keep the spanish from moving north out of florida
- most debtors thought prison was safer so most colonists were adventurers or people seeking religious freedom
- spaniards kept attacking settlements
- james oglethrope had specific ideas on colonial lifestyle, established laws
- settlers disagreed, wanted to be like wealthy planter neighbors
- james returned to england, georgia elected assembly in 1752
