Chapter 3 - The Crime Scene Flashcards
______ ________ is a lawful search for people and things useful in reconstructing an illegal act or omission and analysis of the mental state accompanying it.
criminal investigation
Criminal investigation is a probing from the _______ to the ________
known, unknown
To determine the ruth as fart as it can be discovered in any inquiry is the objective of _________ _________.
criminal investigation
It is the _______ ________ responsibility to _______ the _______ ________, making it safe for other personnel to enter the area.
first responder’s, neutralize the crime scene
When witnesses discuss the crime or overhear others talking about the crime, they tend to adopt some of this information as their own or alter their recollections to fit with those of other witnesses and is a normal process known as __________ _________
retroactive interference
The search for evidence starts with _________ ________ of the crime scene
effective protection
Recent studies have shown that crime reporting has made up ______ of all coverage in local television newscasts.
1/3
Once items of evidence have been located , they are photographed and measurements are taken for the purposes of preparing a ______ _____ _______
crime scene sketch
The ______ ______ of a _______ is too look for evidence of what happened during the crime.
main purpose of a search
For a search to be successful, its main purpose must be aligned with knowing precisely what to ______ and _______
seek and scrutinize
The methodology of searching depends on the ______ and the _______
case and the scene
_____ ______ _____ limits the number of officers in possession of evidence and the possibility of conflicting testimony by searching officers
single officer search
Traditionally, systematic searching of a crime scene has utilized the following methods: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
point to point, ever widening circle, ever narrowing circle, zone or sector, strip or grid
The _____ _____ begins after the strip search is completed. It covers the same area in a similar manner, but at right angles to the previous search pattern.
grid search
A ________ or _______ _______ for outdoor areas in which the area to be searched is plotted like a football field.
strip or grid search
________ ________ _________ states that suspects will bring items of evidence into the crime scene and will take items with them when they leave
locard’s exchange principle
The _______ of evidence is maintained by keeping it in its original state.
integrity
______ ________ items of evidence allows the investigator to testify in court that the item to be entered into evidence was in fact the same object he or she found at the crime scene.
properly marking
Evidence must be packaged to avoid ______, _______ or __________ during transit
loss, breakage, or contamination
Items of evidence that will undergo comparison analysis for possible relationships should be packaged in _________ __________ to obviate any allegation of ________ ___________
separate containers, cross contamination
Documentary evidence is first placed in ________ _________ without folding or bending; then between ______ pieces of firm, _________ _________; and then in a _________ _________ or other wrapper
transparent envelopes, 2, corrugated cardboard, manila envelope
________ __________ can act as greenhouses for the cultivation of mold that can destroy the integrity and identity of some types of evidence.
plastic containers
______ _______, ________, and __________ material from the scene of a suspicious fire may be wrapped in metal foil and sealed in a air tight container.
charred wood, carpet and drapery
Caustic poison should not be transported until the investigator has made certain that the container in which it was found is safe for a period of time equal to at ______ _____ the likely transport time.
least twice
Known samples of blood start with the ________
victim
The self incrimination clause of the _________ _________ to the US constitution protect against compelling a person or suspect to communicate or testify to matters that may incriminate him or her
fifth amendment
Voice identification is subject to the ____ _________ right to representation by an attorney clause and is regarded as belonging to a critical stage of the proceedings against a suspect
6th amendment’s
Evidence is usually delivered personally, but when distance is a problem, it may be shipped by _________ _______, _______ ________ _____, or _________ ________
registered mail, insured parcel post or express mail
The first line of defense against infectious diseases is to wear ________ ________
disposable gloves
A fight or struggle of some kind is indicated by overturned or broken furniture. Damage may indicate the ______ ____ _______
direction of force
_________ and _______ offer opportunities to graphically portray the scene and the evidence located during the search and must be done with care to represent the subjects accurately.
photographing and sketching
_________ is the newest use of graphics at the crime scene.
videotaping
_______ _______ are memoranda made by the investigator during an investigation. They begin with assignment to the case and arrival at the scene; they are added to until the case is closed.
field notes
The place and time to obtain data for a _______ ______ ________ are at the crime scene during the initial investigation
preliminary investigative report
_________ is not a substitute for field notes, accurate measurements, and sketches of the scene
photography
_______ _______ ________ provides a permanent record of the facts at the crime scene.
crime scene photography
The ______ ____ photos may show the locale, the approach route, the means of ingress to the scene or its premises, a hallway, tow connected rooms, or a view of the scene from the normal entrance.
long range
________ _______ photos pinpoint a specific object of evidence or a significant segment of the crime scene.
mid range
mid range photos are taken at a distance of _____ to ______ feet
10-20
______ _____ photos are used for recording evidence in position and detail - location, nature, condition
close up
_______ _______ are excellent for studying crimes in a series to ascertain whether the locations of past crimes suggest a pattern of criminal behavior on which the location of the next crime in the series can be projected.
aerial photos
_______ _______ are excellent for locating outdoor crime scenes or controlling search patterns when large areas must be searched for evidence.
aerial photos
When a close up view does not indicate the entire item of evidence, the photographer should show a progression from one end or side of the object to the other side, in a series of ________ _________
sectional views
________ _______ reassures the triers of fact that the entire surface of the item of evidence was examined.
sectional photography
The basis reason for ______ _____ ____ _____ is to provide an in depth understanding of the circumstances of the crime beyond the level of comprehension that can be attained solely by reading a written report or studying photographs.
sketching a crime scene
The _____ __ ___ _____ is that unnecessary detail can be eliminated, whereas it cannot be eliminated from a photograph
advantage of a sketch
A common error in sketching the crime scene is to attempt to make an _________ _______ or to _______ ____ _____ ________
architectural reproduction, include too many details
A _______ is the first permanent graphic record of the investigation.
sketch
I general, measurements are made of the area searched, They are first made with the ______.
eye
_______ ______ can serve as coordinates to locate a point on the sketch only if the angle is ______ and has ___ reference measurements from identifiable fixed points or objects.
angular measurements, broad, 2
______ sets of measurements are used for large items.
2
Recommended scales range from __ equals ____ feet (_____) for indoor scenes to __ inch equals ____feet (_________ for larger outdoor areas.
1/8, 1, 1:96, 1, 20, 1:240
Videotapes have several advantages over photography: 1. 2. 3. 4.
immediate results, tapes can be reused, visual movement, sound
One of the most powerful motivations to be a witness is _______
revenge
When the initial inquiry at the scene does not produce witnesses, investigators revisit the scene for a _____ or ____ for an _________ or ______ each day, spanning the time of the accident, then revisit on the same day of the week for _______ or _______ weeks
week or two, hour or more, three or four
Revisit the scene ______ for no less than ___ ______ and weekly on the day of the accident for no less than ____ ______ at the same time of the day that the accident occurred.
daily, a week, a month
