Chapter 2 - Rules of Evidence and Arrest

Question 1

No evidence is admissible in a court of law unless it is _______.

Answer 1

relevant

Question 2

_______ is the connection between a fact offered in evidence and the issue to be proved.

Answer 2

relevance

Question 3

Evidence must be ________.

Answer 3

material

Question 4

The issuance of a warrant makes a search reasonable by placing an _______ ______ ____ - a magistrate or judge_ in the process.

Answer 4

unbiased third party

Question 5

_________ _________ exists when enough facts leas a reasonable and prudent person to believe that criminal activity is fairly probable.

Answer 5

probable cause

Question 6

The application for a search warrant must be supported by _____ or _________ as required by the fourth amendment.

Answer 6

oath or affirmation

Question 7

What are the exceptions to the warrant requirement for a search?

Answer 7

consent, stop and frisk, plain view, incident to arrest, motor vehicle, open fields, exigent circumstances

Question 8

The courts typically justify consent searches by the voluntariness test: the consent was obtained without _______ or ________ and was therefore reasonable.

Answer 8

coercion or promises

Question 9

_________ ______ is belief that criminal activity is occurring , is about to occur, or has recently occurred and that the person or vehicle to be detained is related to that criminal activity.

Answer 9

reasonable suspicion

Question 10

A lawful search under the motor vehicle exception requires the existence of probable cause to believe that the vehicle contains _______ ____ ____ _____, or _________, and that the searching officers have lawful asset to the vehcile.

Answer 10

evidence of a crime or contraband

Question 11

Motor Vehicle Exception
Locked containers, such as vehicle trunks and suitcases , may also be searched without a warrant, provided _______ ________ exists relating to these locked containers.

Answer 11

probable cause

Question 12

The ________ _______ is not a search, but rather a routine administrative cuts toddle procedure.

Answer 12

inventory procedure

Question 13

The _________ _________ is applied when investigators violate a person’s constitutional rights by conducting an unlawful search and seizure.

Answer 13

exclusionary rule

Question 14

This is the method the courts use to uphold the fourth amendment and to control the investigators action and prevent illegal obtained evidence.

Answer 14

the exclusionary rule

Question 15

What is the extension of the exclusionary rule?

Answer 15

fruit of the poisonous tree

Question 16

Typically police encounters fall within three categories?

Answer 16

voluntary/consensual, investigative detention/stop and frisk, arrest

Question 17

Arrest warrants are necessary when a person to be arrested is ________ or his or her ______ __ ____ ______ at the time.

Answer 17

unavailable, identity is not known

Question 18

A broadcast alarm detailing a want is most effective when it is _____ ______.

Answer 18

sent promptly

Question 19

Broadcast Alarm
Although a brief description of the crime is included, the major content usually is limited to describing _______, _________, and _________.

Answer 19

persons, vehicles and weapons

Question 20

A suspect’s height and weight are usually reported in blocks or ranges: upward from 5 feet in ____-inch intervals and from 100 pounds in ___-pound intervals.

Answer 20

3, 20

Question 21

The objective of broadcasting facts as soon as they are available is to provide the searching police with enough identification to ____ ____ ____ ______ ____ __ ______ ____ ______ _______ that the person or vehicle being stupid is the subject of the alarm.

Answer 21

pick out the fleeing person or vehicle with some certainty

Question 22

The basic content of a wanted notice is a _____ __ _____ of the fugitive, his or her ________, and an __________ _________ _________

Answer 22

photograph or sketch, fingerprints, extensive personal description

Question 23

Ideally, color photography and printing should be used in wanted notices because they offer a ________ _______ of the wanted person.

Answer 23

lifelike image

Question 24

The _______ ________ of a fugitive in the wanted notice is a major point of identification.

Answer 24

fingerprint classification

Question 25

It is the ____________ and ________ of __________ that guarantee against the apprehension of the wrong person.

Answer 25

classification and comparison of fingerprints

Question 26

Traditionally, a wanted notice has always been aimed solely at locating and apprehending the fugitive. It now has an additional purpose: to ________, to __________ and to __________ _________ at the time of arrest.

Answer 26

discover, collect, preserve evidence

Question 27

The _______ ________ prevents the tainting of evidence.

Answer 27

search warrant

Question 28

The ______ _______ is no more than a summary of the package contents.

Answer 28

case synopsis

Question 29

The first major area of case evaluation is the ________ _______ of a real-life _______ ________ - the classic “ _______ __ ____ _______”

Answer 29

affirmative evidence, corpus delicti, the body of the crime

Question 30

The second major area of case preparation concerns ________ _________ and is oriented to countering defenses to the crime charged.

Answer 30

negative evidence

Question 31

The third major area of case preparation concerns ________ _______ in the securing of __________

Answer 31

procedural foundations, evidence

Question 32

An investigation is successful when the crime under investigation is promptly ________ and the _____ ______

Answer 32

solved, case closed

Question 33

In pursuing the truth - the ______ ________ ___ ____ ___________ - investigators must view all aspects of the case, particularly information pointing to the innocence of the accused person.

Answer 33

main objective of the investigation

Question 34

An investigation is a search for truth in which all possible information in a post fact inquiry is _______ ___, __________ and _________.

Answer 34

searched for, collected and analyzed