Chapter 3- The Cell

Question 1

Lysosome

Answer 1

uses enzymes to destroy debris or foreign material inside the cell

Question 2

Ribosome

Answer 2

produces proteins that will remain in the cytosol

Question 3

Mitochondria

Answer 3

uses oxygen(oxidative catabolism) to produce most of the cell’s ATP supply

Question 4

Nucleus

Answer 4

contains most of the genetic material (chromosomes) of the cell
-DNA-> 46 chromosomes (23 pairs) and much of its RNA

Question 5

Smooth ER

Answer 5

• produces lipid/steroid synthesis
• detoxification of harmful substances
• storage of Calcium ions (CA2+)

Question 6

Rough ER

Answer 6

produces proteins that are embedded in the plasma membrane or exported from the cell

Question 7

Goli Apparatus

Answer 7

packages and ship products form the ER to the plasma membrane
-Sorts, modifies, and packages proteins and other products made by the ER (shipping)

Question 8

Cytoskeleton

Answer 8

• maintains cell shape
• allows cell movement
• help move “things’ inside cells
• facilitate cellular division

Question 9

Components found in Cytoplasm

Answer 9

• cytosol
• organelles
• cytoskeleton

Question 10

Functions of membrane proteins

Answer 10

• channels
• carriers
• receptors
• enzymes
• structural support
• link adjacent cells

Question 11

Passive Transport

Answer 11

A type of membrane transport with a concentration gradient that does NOT require ATP
-Simple Diffusion: no barrier can pass though plasma membrane

• Facilitated Diffusion: requires a channel
• Osmosis: solvent moves through semipermeable membrane from LOWER to HIGHER concentration

Question 12

Isotonic Solution

Answer 12

Solute concentration is equal inside and outside the cell; no net movement of water. The cell shape is stable

Question 13

Hypertonic Solution

Answer 13

solute concentration is greater outside the cell; water leaves the cell, which shrives, or crenate

Question 14

Hypotonic Solution

Answer 14

Solute concentration is greater inside the cell; water enters the cell, which swells and may burst, or lyso

Question 15

Active Transport Processes

Answer 15

A type of membrane transport against a gradient that requires energy form ATP

• Primary active transport: A type of active transport in which ATP is expended to move a substance against its concentration gradient using a protein pump
• Secondary active transport: A type of active transport in which a primary active transport pump establishes a concentration gradient; the potential energy of this gradient is then used to fuel the transport of a second substance against its concentration gradient {pay it forward concept/free ride}

Question 16

Peroxisomes

Answer 16

An organelle with enzymes that detoxify certain substances, metabolize fatty acids, and produce certain phospholipids (breaks down chemicals/detox)

Question 17

Microvilli

Answer 17

Highly folded extensions of the plasma membrane that increase its surface area for absorption

-Function: absorption

Question 18

Cancer

Answer 18

is a disease of too much cell division and too little cell death

• Benign Tumors: confined to its original location and does not invade surrounding tissues, but it may grow extremely large
• Malignant Tumors(cancerous): made up or cancer cells

Question 19

Hyperplasia

Answer 19

the cell division exceeds the rate of cell death; the tissue may increase in cell number and size. Can create a strain in surrounding tissues, robbing them of oxygen and nutrients

-Changes in the DNA of a cell causes uncontrolled cell division, forms a growth/mass known as tumor

Question 20

What membrane components are important for cell-cell recognition

Answer 20

• Glycoproteins

- Gylcolipids

Question 21

The model of the plasma membrane is called the…

Answer 21

Fluid mosaic model

Question 22

Exocytosis

Answer 22

a type of vesicular active transport that exports large molecules form the cell

Question 23

What increases the rate of diffusion…?

Answer 23

• high temperature
• small molecule size
• high concentration of molecules

Question 24

Why is ATP needed…

Answer 24

• adequate organelle function
• adequate distribution of ions
• reproduction