Chapter 3- The Cell Flashcards
Lysosome
uses enzymes to destroy debris or foreign material inside the cell
Ribosome
produces proteins that will remain in the cytosol
Mitochondria
uses oxygen(oxidative catabolism) to produce most of the cell’s ATP supply
Nucleus
contains most of the genetic material (chromosomes) of the cell
-DNA-> 46 chromosomes (23 pairs) and much of its RNA
Smooth ER
- produces lipid/steroid synthesis
- detoxification of harmful substances
- storage of Calcium ions (CA2+)
Rough ER
produces proteins that are embedded in the plasma membrane or exported from the cell
Goli Apparatus
packages and ship products form the ER to the plasma membrane
-Sorts, modifies, and packages proteins and other products made by the ER (shipping)
Cytoskeleton
- maintains cell shape
- allows cell movement
- help move “things’ inside cells
- facilitate cellular division
Components found in Cytoplasm
- cytosol
- organelles
- cytoskeleton
Functions of membrane proteins
- channels
- carriers
- receptors
- enzymes
- structural support
- link adjacent cells
Passive Transport
A type of membrane transport with a concentration gradient that does NOT require ATP
-Simple Diffusion: no barrier can pass though plasma membrane
- Facilitated Diffusion: requires a channel
- Osmosis: solvent moves through semipermeable membrane from LOWER to HIGHER concentration
Isotonic Solution
Solute concentration is equal inside and outside the cell; no net movement of water. The cell shape is stable
Hypertonic Solution
solute concentration is greater outside the cell; water leaves the cell, which shrives, or crenate
Hypotonic Solution
Solute concentration is greater inside the cell; water enters the cell, which swells and may burst, or lyso
Active Transport Processes
A type of membrane transport against a gradient that requires energy form ATP
- Primary active transport: A type of active transport in which ATP is expended to move a substance against its concentration gradient using a protein pump
- Secondary active transport: A type of active transport in which a primary active transport pump establishes a concentration gradient; the potential energy of this gradient is then used to fuel the transport of a second substance against its concentration gradient {pay it forward concept/free ride}
Peroxisomes
An organelle with enzymes that detoxify certain substances, metabolize fatty acids, and produce certain phospholipids (breaks down chemicals/detox)
Microvilli
Highly folded extensions of the plasma membrane that increase its surface area for absorption
-Function: absorption
Cancer
is a disease of too much cell division and too little cell death
- Benign Tumors: confined to its original location and does not invade surrounding tissues, but it may grow extremely large
- Malignant Tumors(cancerous): made up or cancer cells
Hyperplasia
the cell division exceeds the rate of cell death; the tissue may increase in cell number and size. Can create a strain in surrounding tissues, robbing them of oxygen and nutrients
-Changes in the DNA of a cell causes uncontrolled cell division, forms a growth/mass known as tumor
What membrane components are important for cell-cell recognition
- Glycoproteins
- Gylcolipids
The model of the plasma membrane is called the…
Fluid mosaic model
Exocytosis
a type of vesicular active transport that exports large molecules form the cell
What increases the rate of diffusion…?
- high temperature
- small molecule size
- high concentration of molecules
Why is ATP needed…
- adequate organelle function
- adequate distribution of ions
- reproduction
