Chapter 3: The Cell Flashcards
1
Q
Cell
A
Functional unit of life
2
Q
Smallest part of system that gives it its function
A
Cell
3
Q
Organisms activity depends on what
A
Individual and collective activity of the cell
4
Q
What dictates biological function of cells
A
Their shape
Sub-cellular structure
Structure/function complementary
5
Q
T/F
Cells can only rise from other cells
A
T
6
Q
Composition of cells
A
Plasma membrane
Nucleus
Cytoplasm
7
Q
T/F
All cells have common structures and functions
A
T
8
Q
What are the three basic parts of a human cell
A
Plasma membrane
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
9
Q
Flexible outer boundary
A
Plasma membrane
10
Q
Phospholipid bilayer composed of mostly fat
A
Plasma membrane
11
Q
Separates intracellular fluid from extracellular fluid
A
Plasma membrane
12
Q
Tails of the phospholipids are
A
Hydrophobic
Non polar
13
Q
Heads of the phospholipids are
A
Hydrophilic
Polar
14
Q
What holds plasma membrane together
A
Cytoskeleton
Cell junction
15
Q
T/F
Water can penetrate through plasma membrane
A
F
16
Q
What floats throughout the membrane
A
Proteins
17
Q
What is the movement of phospholipids in plasma membrane
A
Move leaflet to leaflet
18
Q
The plasma membrane plays….
A
A dynamic role in cellular activity
19
Q
Controls interaction of cells and its environment
A
Plasma membrane
20
Q
Cytoplasm
A
Intracellular fluid with organelles
21
Q
T/F
Organelles of the cytoplasm are constantly shifting
A
T
22
Q
Control center of cell
A
Nucleus
23
Q
T/F
Every part of the body has a nucleus
A
F
24
Q
Whats inside the nucleus
A
Genetic materials
25
The outer leaflet of the phospholipids contains
Glycoproteins
Carbohydrates
Sugar groups
26
Selective permeable barrier
Plasma membrane
27
Glycolipids
Lipids with bound carbohydrates
28
Surface sugars of phospholipids
Glycocalyx
29
ID tags of phospholipids
Glycoproteins
30
The fluidity of the plasma membrane depends on
The kind and amount of phospholipids
31
Cholesterol of plasma membrane makes the membrane
More rigid
32
T/F
| 20% of all membrane lipids is cholesterol
T
33
Composition of plasma membrane
Phospholipids
Proteins
Cholesterol
Gycolipids
34
Transmembraneous
Proteins
35
Act as receptors
Peripheral Proteins
36
Transmembraneous means
Proteins go all the way through gates allowing polar ions in
37
Examples of membrane proteins
Receptors
38
Receptors
Receive chemical messages for communication
39
Globular structure of proteins
Gives it a specific shape and function
40
When a protein undergoes a confrontational change
It changes shape thus changing function and activates secondary Messengers
41
Cholesterol is located
Between fatty acid tails
42
Stabilizes the membrane and slows movement
Cholesterol
43
What activates the G protein
Receptor
44
Functions of membrane proteins
Transport
Enzyme activity
Receptors for signal transduction
45
T/F
| Transport channels require ATP
T
46
Biological activities found in membrane
Enzymes
47
T/F
Transport pumps requires energy
ATP
T
48
T/F
| Signal transduction happens in muscles and nerve tissue
T
49
Ligand signaling
Ligand gated channels
50
Electrical signaling
Voyage gated ion channels
51
Nexus that allows chemical substances to pass between cells
Gap junction
52
A nexus is like
A channel
53
What sets up the process of signal transduction
The receptors
54
Chemical Messengers are
Ligand
55
Binds to protein in membrane
| Also known as protein receptor
Chemical messenger ligand
56
Bind
Ligand
57
T/F
| Individual proteins interact with receptor
F
| Because of its location in cytoplasm & shape
58
What causes the receptor to change confirmation
The binding of the 1st messenger initiating a new action
59
The G protein bind to
Effector protein
60
1st Messengers bind to
Receptors
61
Receptors bind to
G protein
62
2nd Messengers activates
Other enzymes or ion channels
63
Kinase enzymes
Enzymes that transfer phosphate groups from ATP to specific proteins activating a series of other enzymes that tigger cell responses
64
Desmosome
Anchoring junction
| Resisting sheer forces
65
Rapid transfer
Gap junctions
66
Impermeable junction
Tight junction
67
1st messenger proteins are
Integral proteins
68
G proteins are
Peripheral proteins
69
Simple diffusion
Lipid soluble substances diffuse directly through lipid bilayer
70
Passive transport
Kinetic energy from gradient which moves substances from high to low concentration
71
During passive transport ...
ATP is not required
72
Diffusion moves
Solute
73
Osmosis moves
Solvent
74
Osmolarity is best defined as
The total concentration of all solute particles in a solution
75
A solution where the solute is higher inside the cell than outside the cell
Hypotonic
76
Why is ATP required during active transport
Binding inorganic phosphate causes changes in conformation
77
Carrier proteins
—Must be transmembraneous
—Must use ATP to make solutes against a gradient
—change confirmation while moving Solis’s across membrane
78
Example of carrier protein
Glucose
79
Examples of simple diffusion
Gases
80
How do glucose enter the cell
Carrier mediated facilitated diffusion
81
How does sodium entree a cell
Channel mediated facilitated diffusion
82
Examples of facilitated diffusion
Channels
| Carrier protein
83
Active transport
Potential energy from high energy bonds stored between phosphate groups in ATP
84
Primary active transport
Direct use of ATP to move substances
85
Secondary active transport
Indirect use of ATP to move substances
86
Isotonic
Solutions with the same solute concentration as the cytosol
87
Hypertonic
Solutions having greater solute concentration than the cytosol
88
Primary active transport is
Hydrolysis
89
Movement of macromolecules
Active transport
90
Vesicular transport
Movement of large particles and macromolecules across membrane
91
T/F
| ATP requires receptor
F
| Requires Claritin coated pits
92
3 types of endocytosis
Pinocytosis
Phagocytosis
Receptor mediated endocytosis
93
Pinocytosis
Cellular drinking
| Fluid phase endocytosis
94
During secondary active transport
A substance is moved across membrane as a result of intentionally moving another substance
95
T/F
| During endocytosis the inner leaflet of the cell membrane becomes part of the outer leaflet
T
96
T/F
| Active transport requires a hydrophilic channel
T
97
Phagocytosis
Pseudopod engulf solids and bring them into cell
98
Receptor mediated endocytosis
Clathrin coated pits provide main route for endocytosis and transcytosis
99
T/F
| Clarhrin is required for Pinocytosis
F
100
Example of active endocytosis
White blood cell phagocytosis
101
Example of exocytosis
Neurotransmitter secretion
102
Example of receptor mediated endocytosis
Hormone and cholesterol intake
103
Example of pinocytosis
Absorption by intestinal cells
104
T/F
| All cells have the same inclusions
F
105
Membranous organelles
```
Mitochondria
Peroxisomes
Lysosomes
Endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi apparatus
```
106
Non membranous organelles
Cytoskeleton
Centrioles
Ribosomes
107
Provide cells with ATP n most aerobic cellular resp
Mitochondria
108
Rough ER
Studded with ribosomes
| Synthesis of integral proteins and phospholipids
109
Smooth ER
Catalyze several reactions in body
110
Ribosomes
Site of protein synthesis
111
Golgi apparatus
Modification
Concentration
And packaging of proteins
112
Lysosomes
Digest ingested bacteria, viruses, and toxins
113
Peroxisomes
Detox harmful or toxic substances
