Chapter 3: The Cardiorespiratory System

Question 1

The cardiorespiratory system

Answer 1

Composed of the respiratory and cardiovascular system

Question 2

The cardiovascular system

Answer 2

Blood vessels, blood, and the heart

Question 3

Arteries

Answer 3

Carry blood away from the heart to the rest of the body

Question 4

Veins

Answer 4

Return blood to the heart from the rest of the body

Question 5

Stroke volume

Answer 5

The amount of blood pumped out of the heart with each contraction

Question 6

Cardiac output

Answer 6

Heart rate × stroke volume

Question 7

Sinoatrial (SA) node

Answer 7

The “pacemaker” of the heart because it initiates the heartbeat

Question 8

Typical heart rate for an adult

Answer 8

70-80 BPM

Question 9

Atria and Ventricles

Answer 9

The heart has two pairs of different chambers. These chambers are called the atriums and ventricles. Here are the functions of the chambers.

The right atrium receives blood coming from the body while the left atrium receives the blood (oxygen-rich) that comes from the lungs and the heart.

The right ventricle has thinner walls because it only needs to pump blood a short distance back to the heart and the lungs. The left ventricle, on the other hand, has much thicker walls and is a much higher pressure pump because it is required to push blood to the rest of the body.

Question 10

The functions of blood

Answer 10

1. Protection: The white blood cells help to protect your body against diseases and blood clotting helps with fluid loss.
2. Regulation: Blood helps keep a stable body temperature, electrolyte, and water level as well as pH.
3. Transportation: The primary function of blood is to transport nutrients and oxygen to the cells of the body. It also takes away CO2 and various wastes from the cells and delivers hormones to specific tissues.

Question 11

The Respiratory Pump

Answer 11

These are the thoracic and abdominal structures that help with the contraction and expansion of the lungs.

The muscles that comprise the respiratory pump are:

For inhalation: The Scalene muscles, the pack minor, sternocleidomastoid, and the diaphragm.
For exhalation: The internal intercostals and the abdominal muscles

Question 12

Cycle of the respiratory pump (venous return)

Answer 12

Inhalation

1. The thoracic cavity expands new
2. The pressure within the pleural cavities drop
3. This pulls air to the lungs
4. It also brings blood into the IVC and the right atrium from the smaller veins that exist in the abdominal cavity

Exhalation

1. The pressure in the pleural cavities rise
2. This forces blood into the right atrium
3. This is important especially for heavy exercises