Chapter 3 - The Cardiorespiratory System

Question 1

The cardiorespiratory system

Answer 1

Composed of the respiratory and cardiovascular system

Question 2

The cardiovascular system

Answer 2

Blood vessels, blood, and the heart

Question 3

Arteries

Answer 3

Carry blood away from the heart to the rest of the body

Question 4

Veins

Answer 4

Return blood to the heart from the rest of the body

Question 5

Stroke volume

Answer 5

The amount of blood pumped out the heart with each contraction

Question 6

Cardiac output

Answer 6

Heart rate × stroke volume

Question 7

Sinoatrial (SA) node

Answer 7

The “pacemaker” of the heart because it initiates the heartbeat

Question 8

Typical heart rate for an adult

Answer 8

70-80 BPM

Question 9

Atriums

Answer 9

The right atrium receives blood coming from the body while the left atrium receives the blood (oxygen-rich) that comes from the lungs and the heart.

Question 10

Ventricles

Answer 10

The right ventricle has thinner walls because it only needs to pump blood a short distance back to the heart and the lungs. The left ventricle, on the other hand, has much thicker walls and is a much higher pressure pump because it is required to push blood to the rest of the body.

Question 11

The 3 functions of blood

Answer 11

1. Protection: The white blood cells help to protect your body against diseases and blood clotting helps with fluid loss.
2. Regulation: Blood helps keep a stable body temperature, electrolyte, and water level as well as pH.
3. Transportation: The primary function of blood is to transport nutrients and oxygen to the cells of the body. It also takes away CO2 and various wastes from the cells and delivers hormones to specific tissues.

Question 12

The respiratory pump

Answer 12

The thoracic and abdominal structures that help with the contraction and expansion of the lungs.

Question 13

Muscles used for inhalation

Answer 13

The Scalene muscles, the pack minor, sternocleidomastoid, and the diaphragm

Question 14

Muscles used for exhalation

Answer 14

The internal intercostals and the abdominal muscles

Question 15

Cycle of the respiratory pump (venous return)

Answer 15

Inhalation:

1. The thoracic cavity expands new
2. The pressure within the pleural cavities drop
3. This pulls air to the lungs
4. It also brings blood into the IVC and the right atrium from the smaller veins that exist in the abdominal cavity

Exhalation:

1. The pressure in the pleural cavities rise
2. This forces blood into the right atrium
3. This is important especially for heavy exercises

Question 16

Mediastinum

Answer 16

The space in the chest between the lungs that contains all the internal organs of the chest except the lungs

Question 17

Atrioventricular (AV) node

Answer 17

A small mass of specialized cardiac muscle fibers, located
in the wall of the right atrium of the heart, that receives heartbeat impulses from the sinoatrial node and directs them to the walls of the ventricles.

Question 18

Blood vessels

Answer 18

Network of hollow tubes that circulates blood throughout the body.

Question 19

Capillaries

Answer 19

The smallest blood vessels, and the site of exchange of chemicals and water between the blood and the tissues.

Question 20

Inspiration (inhalation)

Answer 20

The process of actively contracting the inspiratory muscles to move air into the body.

Question 21

Expiration (exhalation)

Answer 21

The process of actively or passively relaxing the inspiratory muscles to move air out of the body.

Question 22

Diffusion

Answer 22

The process of getting oxygen from the environment to the tissues of the body

Question 23

Maximal oxygen consumption (Vo2max)

Answer 23

The highest rate of oxygen transport and utilization achieved at maximal physical exertion