Chapter 3 Terms Flashcards
“Necessary and proper” clause
Section of the constitution allowing congress to pass all laws “necessary and proper” to its duties, and which has permitted congress to exercise powers not specifically given to it (enumerated) by the constitution.
Ex: McCulloch v Maryland bank not mentioned in constitution.
Nullification
The doctrine that a state can declare null and void a federal law that, in the state’s opinion, violates the Constitution.
Dual federalism
Doctrine holding that the national government is supreme in its sphere, the states are supreme in theirs, and the two spheres should be kept separate.
Police power
State power to enact laws promoting health, safety, and morals.
Initiative
Process that permits voters to put legislative measures directly on the ballot.
Referendum
Procedure enabling voters to reject a measure passed by the legislature.
Recall
Procedure whereby voters can remove an elected official from office.
Grants-in-aid
Money given by the national government to the states.
Reasons states approved: money was there, fed income tax, could print more cash, and politics.
Categorical grants
Federal grants for specific purposes, such as building an airport.
(more popular than block grants, which let states spend grants on w/e.)
Conditions of aid
Terms set by the national government that states must meet if they are to receive certain federal funds.
Mandates
Terms set by the national government that states must meet whether or not they accept federal grants.
Waiver
A decision by an administrative agency granting some other part permission to violate a law or rule that would otherwise apply to it.
Federalism
Government authority shared by national and local governments.
