Chapter 3: Stereoisomerism & Chirality pt 1 Flashcards
Isomers
Compounds with the same formula but are structurally different.
Constitutional Isomers
Same formula, same atoms but bonded differently.
(Spatial Orientation)
Stereoisomers
Same molecular formulae, same connectivity… But different spatial (space) orientation of the bonds
There are 2 types:
1.Conformational Isomers
2.Configurational Isomers
Conformational Isomers
Stereoisomers produced by rotation (twisting) about pi bonds and are rapidly interconverting
Configurational Isomers
Differ in the order in which the atoms are connected. Contain different functional groups and/or bonding patterns (e.g. branching)
Configurational Isomers 2 types:
1. Cis-trans Isomers
2. Isomers that contain chirality centers
Configurational Isomers: Cis-Trans Isomers
Stereo-isomers that cannot be converted into one another by rotations around a single bond
*Either cis or tans building that’s all allowed)
Isomers with One Chirality Center
Tetra-substituted since connected between 4 substituents.
Carbon attached with 4 different groups
-Asymmetric center (Chiral Atom)
Chiral Molecules
A molecule is different from its mirror image
Ex: Our left hand is not superimposable on our right hand, its a mirror image. The two sides of our hands are not the same (no plane of symmetry)
Non-superimposable
Molecules cannot be placed on top of one another and give the same molecule
How to determine Chiraity?
If an object is chiral… it cannot have a plane of symmetry
Enantiomer
-Are chiral molecules that mirror images of one another
-Non-superimposable
-Stereoisomers which are not mirror objects of each other are called Diastereomers.
Left hand and right hand, are mirror images but not superimposable
Achiral Molecules
Any object that has a plane of symmetry is said to be achiral
Cut it in half
