Chapter 3: Statistics Refresher

Question 1

The person who breathes life and meaning into test scores by applying the knowledge and skills to interpret them appropriately.

Answer 1

Test user

Question 2

They are frequently expressed as numbers, and statistical tools are used to describe, make inferences from, and draw conclusions about numbers.

Answer 2

Test scores

Question 3

It is the act of assigning numbers or symbols to characteristics of things according to rules.

Answer 3

Measurement

Question 4

A set of numbers or symbols whose properties model empirical properties of the objects to which the numbers are assigned.

Answer 4

Scale

Question 5

It refers to the values that variable can take on.

Answer 5

Sample space of a variable
{sample space}

Question 6

What are the two categorization of scales?

Answer 6

1. Discrete scale
2. Continuous scale

Question 7

It has a sample size that can be counted.

Answer 7

Discrete Scale

Question 8

It involves categorical and quantitative variable. The numbers between the sample space members are not allowed— e.g. 2.5 in {2,3}.

Answer 8

Discrete Scale

Question 9

Its values can be any real number in the scale’s sample space.

Answer 9

Continuous scales

Question 10

It includes fractions or numbers with as many decimals as needed; it could have irrational numbers in theory and in practice, measurements have to be rounded.

Answer 10

Continuous Scales

Question 11

Measurements in this scale always involve error, thus, the answer should be thought as an approximation of the real score.

Answer 11

Continuous Scale

Question 12

It refers to the collective influence of all of the factors on a test score or measurement beyond those specifically measured by the test or measurement.

Answer 12

Error

Question 13

These scales involve classification or categorization based on one or more distinguishing characteristics, where all things measured must be placed into mutually exclusive categories.

Answer 13

Nominal Scales

Question 14

Scales: distinct categories, =

Answer 14

Nominal Scales

Question 15

It is the simplest form of measurement which includes categories with no defined order.

Answer 15

Nominal Scale

Question 16

Numbers that serve as unique identifiers.

Answer 16

Numeric Nominal Variable

Question 17

It implies nothing about how much greater one ranking is than another, and it includes measurements in which people or things are ranked.

Answer 17

Ordinal Scales

Question 18

Scales: ordered categories, <>

Answer 18

Ordinal Scale

Question 19

It permits classification with rank ordering on some characteristics, and it has no absolute zero point.

Answer 19

Ordinal Scales

Question 20

It presumes every testtaker to have some ability.

Answer 20

No absolute zero point

Question 21

It assigns people to categories with clear and uncontroversial order. It is the most used in psychology.

Answer 21

Ordinal Scales

Question 22

He believed that the data derived from an intelligence test are ordinal in nature. He also emphasized that what he tried to do with his test was not to measure people, but merely to classify (and rank) people on the basis of their performance on the tasks.

Answer 22

Alfred Binet

Question 23

Scales: meaningful distances, + -

Answer 23

Interval Scales

Question 24

It contains intervals between numbers and it contain no absolute zero point.

Answer 24

Interval Scales

Question 25

It indicates the absence of a quantity.

Answer 25

Absolute Zero

Question 26

Scales: absolute zero, x /

Answer 26

Ratio Scales

Question 27

It has a true zero point.

Answer 27

Ratio Scales

Question 28

All mathematical operations can be performed due to the equal intervals and the absolute zero, and it represents the magnitude of the quantity being measured.

Answer 28

Ratio Scales

Question 29

A set of test scores arrayed for recording or study.

Answer 29

Distribution

Question 30

A straightforward, unmodified accounting of performance that is usually numerical. It may reflect a simple tally and it can be converted into other types of scores.

Answer 30

Raw score