Chapter 1: Introduction Flashcards
In 1905, he designed a test to help place Paris schoolchildren in appropriate classes.
Alfred Binet
In 1917, it used psychological testing to screen large numbers of recruits quickly for intellectual and emotional problems.
World War 1
Why is assessment better than testing?
Assessment acknowledges that tests are only one type of tool used by professionals, and that the value of a test is intimately linked to the knowledge, skill, and expertise of the assessor.
It is the use of evaluative tools to draw conclusions about psychological aspects of a person as they existed at some point in time prior to the assessment.
Retrospective Assessment
What are the three varieties of assessment?
- Retrospective assessment
- Remote assessment
- Ecological momentary assessment (EMA)
It refers to the use of tools of psychological evaluation to gather data and draw conclusions about a subject who is not in physical proximity to the person/people conducting the evaluation.
Remote Assessment
It refers to the “in the moment” evaluation of specific problems and related cognitive and behavioral variables at the very time and place that they occur.
Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA)
It is the gathering and integration of psychology-related data for the purpose of making a psychological evaluation that is accompanied through the use of tools such as tests, interviews, case studies, behavioral observation, and specifically designed apparatuses and measurement procedures.
Psychological Assessment
The process of measuring psychology-related variables by means of devices or procedures designed to obtain a sample behavior.
Psychological Testing
It is an approach to assessment wherein the assessor and assessee may work as partners from initial contact through final feedback.
Collaborative Psychological Assessment
It is an interactive approach to psychological assessment that usually follows a model of evaluation-intervention of some sort-evaluation.
Dynamic Assessment
This approach to assessment provides a means for evaluating how the assesse processes or benefits from some type of intervention.
Dynamic Assessment
It is a measuring device or procedure designed to measure a variable related to that modifier.
Test
It is a device or procedure designed to measure variables related to psychology and it almost always involves analysis of a sample behavior.
Psychological Test
It refers to the code or summary statements that reflects the evaluation of performance on a test.
Score
The process of assigning such evaluative codes or statements to performance on tests, tasks, interviews, or some other behavior samples.
Scoring
It is a reference point, usually numerical, derived by judgment and used to divide a set of data into two or more classification.
Cut Score (Cutoff)
It refers to how consistently, how accurately a psychological test measures what it purports to measure, and the usefulness or practical value that a test or other tool of assessment has for a particular purpose.
Psychometric Soundness or Technical Quality
It is the science of psychological measurement.
Psychometrics
It refers to the usefulness or practiced value that a test or other tool of assessment has for a particular purpose.
Psychometric Utility
It is the method of gathering information through direct communication involving reciprocal exchange.
Interview
It is a therapeutic dialogue that combines person-centered listening skills with the use of cognition-altering techniques designed to positively affect motivation and effect therapeutic change.
Motivational Interviewing
It includes a sample of one’s ability and accomplishment or work products.
Portfolio
It refers to records, transcripts, and other accounts in written, pictorial, or other form that preserve archival information, official and informal accounts, and other data and items relevant to an assessee.
Case History Data
A report or illustrative account concerning a person or an event that was compiled on the basis of case history data.
Case Study or Case History
It includes monitoring the actions of others or oneself by visual or electronic means while recording quantitative and/or qualitative information regarding those actions.
Behavioral Observation
It involves observing behavior of humans in a natural setting in which the behavior would typically be expected to occur.
Naturalistic Observation
It is a tool of assessment wherein assessees are directed to act as if they were in a particular situation; they were then evaluated with regard to their expressed thoughts, behaviors, abilities, and other variables.
Role-play Tests
It is a scoring report that contains a mere listing of scores.
Simple Scoring Report
It is a type of scoring report that includes statistical analyses of the testtaker’s performance.
Extended Scoring Report
It is a type of scoring report that includes numerical or narrative interpretative statements in the report.
Interpretative Report
It is a type of scoring report that is usually written in language appropriate for communication between assessment professionals and may provide expert opinion concerning analysis of the data.
Consultative Report
It is a type of scoring report that integrates data from sources other than the test itself into the interpretative report. It also employs previously collected data into the test report.
Integrative Report
It refers to the assistance computers provide to the test user, not the testtaker.
Computer-Assisted Psychological Assessment (CAPA)
It refers to the computer’s ability to tailor the test to the testtaker’s ability or test-taking pattern. It provides score feedbacks as the test proceeds.
Computer Adaptive Testing (CAT)
They create tests or other methods of assessment.
Test Developer
It covers issues related to test construction and evaluation, test administration and use, and special applications of test.
Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing (the Standards)
It includes anyone who is the subject of an assessment or an evaluation. It can even be a deceased individual.
Testtaker
It is the reconstruction of a deceased individual’s psychological profile on the basis of archival records, artifacts, and interviews previously conducted with the deceased or people who knew him or her.
Psychological Autopsy
It is a type of test that evaluates accomplishment or the degree of learning that has taken place.
Achievement Test
It is a tool of assessment used to help narrow down and identify areas of deficit to be targeted for intervention.
Diagnostic Test
It is defined as a description or conclusion reached on the basis of evidence and opinion.
Diagnosis
It is the nonsystematic assessment that leads to the formation of an opinion or attitude.
Informal Evaluation
It is an assessment setting where tests and many other tools are used to help screen for or diagnose behavior problems.
Clinical Setting
It is the hallmark of testing in clinical settings.
The test is employed with only one individual at a time.
It is an assessment setting where the ultimate objective is the improvement of the assesse in terms of adjustment, productivity, or some related variable.
Counseling Setting
It is a loss of cognitive functioning (which may affect memory, thinking, reasoning, psychomotor speed, attention, personality) that occurs as the result of damage to or loss of brain cells.
Dementia
It is a condition when severe depression in the elderly can contribute to cognitive functioning that mimics dementia.
Pseudodementia
It is a discipline that focuses on understanding the role of psychological variables in the onset, course, treatment, and prevention of illness, disease, and disability.
Health Psychology
It typically refers to the form or sheet or booklet on which the testtaker’s responses are entered. It is also used to refer to a description of a set of test- and assessment-related procedures.
Protocol
It is defined as a working relationship between the examiner and the examinee.
Rapport
It is a form of assessment which includes an accommodation made to the assessee. It often includes translating measurement procedures from one format to another or substituting one assessment tool for another.
Alternate Assessment
It is an evaluative or diagnostic procedure or process that varies from the usual, customary, or standardized way a measurement is derived, either by virtue of some special accommodation made to the assessee or by means of alternative methods designed to measure the same variables.
Alternate Assessment
It is defined as the adaptation of a test, procedure, or situation, or the substitution of one test for another, to make the assessment more suitable for an assessee with exceptional needs.
Accommodation
It is one of the most readily accessible sources of information as it usually contain only a brief description of the test and seldom contain the kind of detailed technical information that a prospective user might require. Its objective is to sell the test.
Test Catalogues
It is where detailed information concerning the development of a particular test and technical information is found. It is the most detailed source available for information; contain useful information regarding the theory the test is based on; and typically contains at least some information regarding psychometric soundness of the test. It may however, be difficult to obtain because its distribution is restricted to qualified professionals.
Test Manuals
It is available to supplement, re-organize, or enhance the information typically found in the manual; it can provide in-depth discussion, contains a one-of-a-kind authoritative insights including practical insights regarding the administration, scoring, and interpretation of the test.
Professional Books
It contains descriptions and critical reviews of a test written by third parties.
Reference Volumes
It is compiled by Oscar Buros in 1938 and it provides a “one-stop shopping” for a great deal of test-related information.
Mental Measurements Yearbook
It includes up-to-date source of reviews and studies of psychometric soundness and can even provide practical examples of how an instrument is used in research or applied contexts.
Journal Articles
It is one of the most widely used bibliographic database for test-related publications.
Educational Resources Information Center (ERIC)
It is the world’s largest private measurement institution.
Educational Testing Service (ETS)
It is a source for exploring the world of unpublished tests and measures.
Directory of Unpublished Experimental Mental Measures
They created a series of tests designed to forecast which students would likely fall ever further behind their peers without additional support.
Alfred Binet and Theodore Simon
It does not measure intelligence in its totality, rather, it was designed for the narrow purpose of identifying intellectually disabled children who need additional help.
Binet-Simon Test or Intelligence Test
He developed a refined method of scoring Binet’s test— the Intelligence Quotient (IQ)
William Stern
It refers to the use of tests and other tools to evaluate abilities and skills relevant to success or failure in a school context.
Educational Assessment
It is the subject matter or the focus of the particular test.
Content
It pertains to the form, plan, structure, arrangement, and layout of test items.
Format
