chapter 3 social self & cognitive dissonance

Question 1

social comparison theory

Answer 1

ppl learn more abt their own abilities & attitudes by comparing ourselves to others

Question 2

when do ppl engage in social comparison

Answer 2

when there is no objective method to measure themselves & when they are uncertain abt themselves in a particular area

Question 3

who do ppl compare themselves with

Answer 3

depends on goal (accurate assessment/feel better)

Question 4

someone’s watching case study

Answer 4

look at notes

Question 5

who’s watching case study

Answer 5

look at notes

Question 6

basking in reflected glory

Answer 6

experience self-gratification on success of someone with whom one is associated with

Question 7

self-evaluation maintenance

Answer 7

motivated to maintain positive self-evaluation in a domain relevant to our identity, depends on strength of social tie & if domain is relevant to identity or not

Question 8

self-evaluation maintenance case study

Answer 8

friend give less helpful clue when is a diagnostic test compared to game condition since IQ is relevant to student’s domain of identity (unconsciously want to undermine friend’s IQ)

Question 9

self-enhancement vs self-verification case study

Answer 9

list & rate 5 qualities->want to hear unfavourable feedback for worst qualities (self-verification) but want to hear good qualities & feel better (self-enhancement)

Question 10

intrinsic vs extrinsic motivation case study

Answer 10

overjustification effect: children play with markers (3 IVs: no reward, expected reward, unexpected reward)->play with markers shortest time when there is expected reward (extrinsic reward undermines intrinsic motivation)

Question 11

what does overjustification effect mean?

Answer 11

too strong an extrinsic motivation

Question 12

2 aspects of reward

Answer 12

controlling (participation/physical) decrease intrinsic motivation & competence-signalling (praise) increase intrinsic motivation

Question 13

self-perception theory

Answer 13

ind come to know their own attitudes, emotions & other internal states partly by inferring them from their own overt behaviour & circumstances in which it occurs

4 things

Question 14

cognitive dissonance

Answer 14

discomfort caused when 2 cognitions conflict, or when behaviour conflict with attitude, driven to minimise inconsistency btw cognitions

Question 15

how to reduce dissonance

Answer 15

change behaviour, change cognition, add new cognition

Question 16

cognitive dissonance from making a hard choice

Answer 16

harder the choice, greater dissonance
e.g. porsche vs chevy malibu

Question 17

induced compliance

Answer 17

case study $1 vs $20

Question 18

effort justification

Answer 18

cognitive dissonance caused by suffering

Question 19

when are ppl inconsistent

Answer 19

1. believe one thing & do another
2. make choices knowing there are reasons so hv made another choice
3. suffer to obtain mediocore goal
4. expect and event to happen & it doesnt

Question 20

dissonance as a magnitude

Answer 20

cognitive dissonance = size of discrepency + importance/consonance + importance

Question 21

cognitive dissonance theory

Answer 21

predicts that in order to feel better abt the decisions we made, we will do some unconscious mental work to reduce the dissonance