Chapter 3: Social Psychology Flashcards
A safety culture is paramount in any organisation. It will improve its profitability,
efficiency, flexibility and adaptability (RAeS, 2006). These can be achieved by first
____, ____ and ____ a good safety culture in the
organisation.
establishing, developing, maintaining
According to Anderson (2009), a leader must stay focus on the ____, always
commit to ____, reinforce ____, show ___ and earn the ___ of his
employees.
priorities, excellence, core values, care, trust
According to CAA (UK), a just culture is a ___ culture, and 99% of the time it is a _____ culture. This allows employees to report their errors without fear of punishment. As a result, organisations can learn from the errors. And it is the responsibility for employees to report their errors, otherwise they will be ____ for the
errors made.
fair, no blame, liable
what are the four common phenomena seen in groups?
diffusion of responsibility
group polarisation
intergroup conflict
social loafing
According to CAP715, there are four common phenomena seen in groups. _____ and _____ are more likely to happen when responsibility is not explicitly stated and when there is lack of supervision respectively.
diffusion of responsibility, social loafing
According to CAP715, there are four common phenomena seen in groups. ______ and ______ are more likely to happen when there are incompatible goals and when external opinions are excluded from the decision-making.
Inter-group conflict, group polarisation
According to CAP715, there are four common phenomena seen in groups. ______ and ______ are more likely to happen when there is a desire to conform to the ideas of the group and when everyone assumes that someone else will do it respectively.
group polarisation, diffusion of responsibility
According to Geller (2013), ____ is critical aspect in intrinsic motivation and it is the belief by workers that they are capable to do the tasks on their own. However, it requires workers to spend the ___ and ___ to acquire the knowledge
and mastery in the subject(s).
self-efficacy, time, effort
According to Geller (2013), self-motivation can be enhanced by giving workers (and
students) the perception of ____, telling them about the ____ that
drive us and allowing them the ___ to make their own decisions. And, finally,
showing them that we are all in this together.
competence, consequences, choice
According to Hudson (2001), there are five different types or levels of safety culture
as appended below. A true safety culture is one that transcends the ____ level, where the ____ and ____ are fully involved in human factors and error management.
calculative, individual, management
According to Hudson (2014), a ____ culture has good reporting systems and communication strategies in place. But they are not put into everyday practice. However, organisations which are able to carry them out effectively in their daily operations exhibit a ____ culture.
reactive, proactive
According to Hudson (2014), the reactive and calculative safety culture is primarily
driven by _____. While the proactive and generative culture involve
____ who are also concern with safety and actively participate to enhance it.
management, employees
According to Skinner (1957), _____ attempts to decrease the probability of specific
behaviours, while _____ attempts to increase desired behaviour.
extinction, positive reinforcement
According to the Blue Angels, besides special training to reach peak performance, a
team needs ____ and ____ to develop.
common goals, time
According to Reason (1997), an organisation that demonstrates willingness to learn
and restructure, where necessary, exhibits a ____ and ____ culture
respectively
learning, flexible
According to the Royal Aeronautical Society (2006), management’s commitment to
safety is crucial and it is driven by the ____, ____ and ____ requirements.
legal, fiscal, social
According the Westrum (1999), workers who exhibit “we know but we don’t care”
attitude or “we care but don’t always know” attitude towards safety indicates a
company imbued with a ____ and ____ safety culture respectively.
reactive, calculative
Based on a study done by FAA in 2014, the EU and US identified four major
challenges in Human Factors Maintenance as listed below. Which of the following
challenges were common to both EU and US?
safety culture, workers fatigue
Conflicts in the workplace have the potential to create safety hazards in maintenance
organisations. Which situations is most likely to cause conflicts?
unclear job roles and too many bosses running the organisation
Culture at the workplace matters and it is closely link to the performance of the
company. Hence, it must be actively managed. Unfortunately, most companies
considers culture at the workplace as an afterthought. According to Edgar Schein
(2010), a leader must manage the ____ or the ____ will manage them. Leaders
must be ____ and ____ in what they want.
culture, culture, purposeful, clear
For a just culture to work, there must be ____, _____ and _____ (Dekker, 2008). It implies that workers must take reasonable care to protect others from harm. Hence, workers must know their ____ and ____.
trust, informedness, accountability, rights, duties
Geller (2013) suggested that the sense of ____ and _____ are crucial for moving from being independent to interdependency where we can learn from each other, and we will not be afraid to speak up or provide feedback for improvement.
relatedness, connection
It is important for organisations to align their ____ and ____ with how they carry out their businesses. The culture of the workplace drives the ____ of its workers and performance of the company.
objectives, values, behaviour
Peer pressure can have a tremendous impact and change a person’s behaviour. It
can be the ___ or ____ pressure that an individual feels, which causes
him/her to ____ to the expectations of the influencing group or individual.
actual, perceived, conform
Reason (1997) identified the following five characteristics that make up a Safety
Culture in organisations. Taken together, these five characteristics form a culture of
___ and of ____.
trust, informedness
Studies in aviation have shown that the use of monetary bonuses might lead to less ____ of safety and increase the likelihood of _____
consideration, risk taking
Your company has recently developed and put in place an Employee Assistance
programme to help any staff member cope with personal difficulties. The main factor
which will contribute to the success of this programme is _____.
employer/employee confidentiality
Teamwork is essential in aircraft maintenance. In what scenario best describes a successful team that is focused on reducing
maintenance errors?
Each member accepts that it is normal to question each other’s work and accepts feedback without becoming defensive
According to the Blue Angels, _____ are critical for teams to achieve its mission and every member must be fully involved at all times. Communication between team members must be ____, ____ and ____.
shared values, clear, honest, open
