Chapter 2: Human Performance and Limitations Flashcards
a decision tree is a chart that ____ the technician along a ___ testing and _____ path for a particular system or product
directs, logical, diagnostic
According to Boyd (2015), the brain can change in three ways to support learning; by
___ changes for short-term memory, by ___ changes for long-term memory, and by ___ changes or altering its function.
chemical, structural, functional
According to Boyd (2015), the prime driver for change in the brain is your
___. There is no neuroplasticity drug you can take to improve learning but
___. In addition, with increased difficulty and increased struggle in practice,
learning may be enhanced.
behaviour, practice
According to CAP715, most people with colour-defective vision find it difficult to
distinguish between ___ and ___.
red and green
According to CAP715, when an employee has difficulties hearing a conversation in a
quiet room at a distance of _____, an audiogram should be carried out. In
addition, if workers are exposed to excessive noise, an audiogram must be
conducted ___
2 metres, annually
According to Capt. Mickleson (2019), good decisions are based on a number of
things. Such as having ___ and ___ information, and following a ___ to guide you.
accurate, complete, framework
According to CASA (2019), it is important to do things correctly and right the first
time; otherwise, lives may be lost. Therefore, _____ or working through
different scenarios is crucial and we should not be distracted. This would give us
more ___ capacity to react to ____ events.
self-awareness, mental, reaccess
According to Dr Singleman (2019), it is important to control our ____ ____ so that we can maintain the ____ ____ in good decision
making. This will also allow us to be become more ____ ____ of ourselves.
emotional objectivity, intellectual objectivity, situationally aware
According to Endsley and Robertson (2000), Level _ __ is the ability of an engineer
to piece together the observable cues and understand what underlying nature of the
malfunction
2 SA
According to Kumreuther et al. (2002), “the presence of potentially catastrophic costs
of errors does little to reduce the human tendency to make decisions using simplified
heuristics (or rule of thumb)”. This aptly describes the behaviour of some
maintenance engineers who?
have excessive attention to affectual cues
prefer the status quo
According to Wilemsen (2009), the decision making process taken by an apprentice
and an experienced engineer can differ quite significantly. An apprentice would likely
follow the ____ ____ to assess the probabilities and success of each option;
whereas an experienced engineer would likely adopt the ____ ____ based
on his past experiences
normative model, prescriptive model
Attention is limited and the brain can juggle how many tasks at once?
one conscious task and a couple of unconscious tasks
Based on Wickens’ (1992) Information Processing Model, which component(s) is/are
used to make sense of the information that is gathered through our five senses of
sight, audition, olfaction, touch and gustation?
perception and memory
During inspection, the visual and factual information are stored in the ____
memories respectively for further processing and decision-making.
iconic and semantic
If an image formed on the retina is inverted relative to the viewer’s normal
perception, the viewer will _____.
behave and feel normal
In the working memory, visual and spatial information are processed in the
____ ____, while verbal information are processed in the
____ ____.
visuospatial sketchpad, phonological loop
why do long term memory fade?
cannot find the link to retrieve the memory
Presbycusis is a natural phenomenon that affects older people. It adversely affects
the person’s ability to hear
frequencies between 3000 to 6000 Hz, low frequencies sounds first
Rumble strips at the highway’s edge are used to alert drivers that they have strayed
from the main pavement as they provide _____ feedback.
acoutsic and kinaesthetic
The one thing that really defines decision making is time. Hence, critical to good
decision making is having good ___ ____ and the ability to ____
(Singleman, 2019).
time management, prioritise
The two commonly used senses in aviation inspection are sight and hearing. The
information picked up by our eyes and ears are stored in the ___ and ___ memories. Our sensory memory is unlimited but it is easily lost with ____.
iconic, echonic, distraction
There are two main categories in long-term memory: explicit and implicit memories.
Sometimes, they are also known as ____ memories based on knowledge/facts and ____ or ____ memories based on skills.
declarative, non-declarative, procedural
EASA recommends to have an eye examination once ____
every six months
When a person ages, he/she sees object appear ___ because of ____
yellowish, cataracts
When a person ages, the lens of the eyes become clouded. Hence, the lens a 75
years old is only able to transmit ___ ____ of the amount of light compared to a 15-
year old
one third
When visually inspecting aircraft for faults, you should not rely on your peripheral
vision to detect defects. The object should also not be obstructed. Hence, the arc for
accurate vision is about ___ degrees ____ side of the ____.
10 degrees, either, centre
Which component of the human information processing model would be most
concerned with the deterioration with age or from a physical disorder?
Sensing
With ageing, the lens of the eyes reduces the amount of ___ that passes
through it, making vision ___.
light, blurry
With repeated stimulation or practice, the ______ neuron gets better at sending signals to a specific _____ neuron. As the ____ are strengthened, we are able to recall previous experiences.
presynaptic, postsynaptic, synapses
The aural reflex can help reduce noise level by up to __ dB for a maximum of __
minutes.
20 dB, 15 minutes
