Chapter 3: Shoulder region

Question 1

The shoulder region is a complex of what 4 joints?

Answer 1

1) the glenohumeral: ball and socket, articulation of the humerus to the glenoid fossa of the scapula) 2) acromioclavicular: gliding/plane, articulation of the acromion and the distal end of the clavicle. 3) sternoclavicular; saddle joint, articulation of the proximal clavicle and the sternum. Moves in sync with the other 3 and provides the only bony connection between the humerus and the axial skeleton. 4) scapulothoracic; not a true joint, a physiological (functional) one, articulation of the scapula and the thoracic cage. Provides mobility and stability for the glenohumeral joint.

Question 2

The shoulder region consists of what 3 major bones

Answer 2

1) humerus 2) scapula 3) clavicle

Question 3

What ligament spans the bicipital groove of the humerus and provides anteroinferior stability to the glenohumeral joint?

Answer 3

the coracohumeral ligament

Question 4

What ligament reinforces the anterior capsule and provides stability to the shoulder joint in most planes of movement?

Answer 4

the glenohumeral ligament

Question 5

What ligament, located superior to the glenohumeral joint, protects the muscles, tendons, nerves, and blood supply of the region and prevents superior dislocation of the humeral head?

Answer 5

the coracoacromial ligament

Question 6

What are the 8 main ligaments in the shoulder girdle, and 1 bursa?

Answer 6

1) coracohumeral 2) glenohumeral 3) coracoacromial 4) acromioclavicular 5) coracoclavicular 6) sternoclavicular 7) costoclavicular 8) interclavicular 1) Subdeltoid bursa

Question 7

In the 3 planes of motion, what 3 motions is the glenohumeral joint capable of?

Answer 7

1) Abduction/Adduction in the frontal plane 2) Flexion/Extension in the sagittal plane 3) Internal/External & Abduction/Adduction in the transverse plane. 4) Circumduction is also possible

Question 8

In the 3 planes of motion, what 5 motions is the scapulothoracic joint capable of?

Answer 8

1) upward/downward rotation 2) retraction/protraction 3) elevation/depression 4) anterior/posterior tilting 5) medial/lateral rotation

Question 9

Full abduction of the arm requires simultaneous movement of the glenohumeral and scapulothoracic joints. This dual movement is called what?

Answer 9

scapulohumeral rhythm

Question 10

What are the 2 ways the muscles of the shoulder region are characterized?

Answer 10

1) Shoulder joint muscles; directly move the arm 2) Should girdle muscles; stabilize the scapula on the thoracic cage and maintain posture

Question 11

What are the 4 anterior muscles of the shoulder joint?

Answer 11

1) pectoralis major 2) subscapularis, 3) coracobrachialis 4) biceps brachii

Question 12

What are the 2 posterior muscles of the shoulder joint?

Answer 12

1) infraspinatus 2) teres minor

Question 13

What are the 2 superior muscles of the shoulder joint?

Answer 13

1) deltoid 2) supraspinatus

Question 14

What are the 3 inferior muscles of the shoulder joint?

Answer 14

1) latissimus dorsi 2) teres major 3) long head of the triceps brachii

Question 15

What muscle is the prime mover in adduction, horizontal adduction, and internal rotation of the humerus?

Answer 15

The pectoralis major