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GenPsychFall > Chapter 3: Sensation and Perception Slides > Flashcards

Chapter 3: Sensation and Perception Slides Flashcards

1
Q

Define Sensation

A

Process of receiving stimulus energies from external environment

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2
Q

Define Perception

A

Process of organizing and interpreting sensory information

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3
Q

What is the function of Bottom-up processing?

A

Information about the external environment. Making sense of information. Sensory receptor to the brain

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4
Q

What is the function of Top-down processing?

A

Starts with cognitive processing at higher levels of the brain.

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5
Q

What is the function of adaptation?

A

It improves a species’ chances for survival. An organism must be able to sense and respond quickly.

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6
Q

What is the sensory receptor cells for the sense organ eyes.

A

Vision

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7
Q

What is the sensory receptor cells for the sense organ ear

A

Hearing

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8
Q

What is the sensory receptor cells for the sense organ skin.

A

Touch

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9
Q

What is the sensory receptor cells for the sense organ nose

A

Smell

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10
Q

What is the sensory receptor cells for the sense organ tongue

A

Taste

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11
Q

What type of energy reception does vision have?

A

Photoreception: detection of light, perceived as sight

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12
Q

Photoreception: detection of __, perceived as sight

A

Light

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13
Q

What type of energy reception does hearing have?

A

Mechanoreception: detection of vibration, perceived as hearing

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14
Q

Mechanoreception: detection of __, perceived as hearing

A

Vibration

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15
Q

What type of energy reception does touch have?

A

Mechanoreception detection of pressure, perceived as touch

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16
Q

Mechanoreception: detection of __, perceived as touch

A

Pressure

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17
Q

What type of energy reception does smell have?

A

Chemoreception: detection of chemical stimuli, perceived as smell

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18
Q

What type of energy reception does taste have?

A

Chemoreception: detection of chemical stimuli, perceived as taste

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19
Q

What is Synaesthesia?

A

One sense induces experience in another sense

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20
Q

What is Phantom limb pain?

A

Reported pain in amputated arm or leg

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21
Q

What is Extrasensory perception (ESP)?

A

Perception in absence of concrete sensory input

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22
Q

What is Absolution threshold?

A

Minimum amount of detectable stimulus energy

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23
Q

What is Difference threshold?

A

(Just noticeable difference) Degree of difference that must exist between two stimuli before difference is detected

24
Q

What is Subliminal perception?

A

Detection of information below level of conscious awareness

25
Q

Does culture influence which stimuli we pay attention to as we perceive the world

A

True

26
Q

What is Perceptual set?

A

Predisposition or readiness to perceive something a particular way

27
Q

What is Sensory adaptation?

A

Change in responsiveness of sensory system based on average level of surrounding stimulation.

28
Q

What is Contour?

A

Location at which sudden change of brightness occurs

29
Q

What is Figure-ground relationship?

A

Principle by which perceptual field is organized into stimuli that stand out (figure and those left over (ground)

30
Q

What is another name for Gestalt psychology?

A

Heuristics

31
Q

What is Gestalt psychology?

A

School of thought interested in how people naturally organize perception according to certain patterns. “Whole is different from sum of its parts”

32
Q

Gestalt psychology quotes “__”

A

Whole is different from sum of its parts

33
Q

In Gestalt Laws of Grouping, what is Proximity?

A

Objects that are near each other will be perceived as belonging to a common set

34
Q

In Gestalt Laws of Grouping, what is Similarity?

A

Objects that are similar will be perceived as belonging to the same group

35
Q

In Gestalt Laws of Grouping what is Continuity?

A

Tendency to perceive stimuli in a unified form

36
Q

In Gestalt Laws of Grouping, what is Closure?

A

Grouping disconnected pieces into a meaningful whole

37
Q

How do we perceive objects

A

Three dimensionally

38
Q

What is Binocular cues?

A

Combined images from two eyes.

  • Disparity
  • Convergence
39
Q

What is Monocular cues?

A

Available from image in one eye

  • Familiar size
  • Height in field of view
  • Linear perspective and relative size
  • Overlap
  • Shading
  • Texture gradient
40
Q

Can the retinas of humans detect movement?

A

No, there are neurons specialized to detect motions

41
Q

What is Apparent movement

A

Stationary objects can be perceived as moving.

42
Q

What is constancy.

A

Recognition that objects are constant even though sensory input is changing.

43
Q

What is Size constancy?

A

Same size despite retinal image changes

44
Q

What is Shape constancy?

A

Same shape despite orientation changes

45
Q

What is Color constancy?

A

Same color despite light changes

46
Q

What is the McGurk Effect?

A

Vision overrides hearing

47
Q

The Skin (Cutaneous) Senses. What is pain effected by?

A
  • Widely-dispersed receptors with much higher thresholds for different types of physical stimuli (ex pressure, heat…)
  • Cultural differences
  • Endorphins
48
Q

What is the Papillae and what do they do?

A

Bumps on surface of tongue. Contain taste buds, receptor for taste

49
Q

What are the four primary taste qualities?

A

Sweet, sour, bitter, and salty

50
Q

What do taste fibers respond to?

A

A range of chemicals spanning multiple taste elements. (ex Umami, (L-gluamate))

51
Q

Where is the Olfactory epithelium and what does it contain?

A

Lines the roof of the nasal cavity. And contains sheet of receptor cells

52
Q

What can smell do?

A
  • Detect airborne chemicals
  • Contains olfactory epithelium
  • Is the superhighway to emotion and memory
  • Role in interpersonal attraction
53
Q

What is Kinesthetic sense?

A

Information about movement, posture, orientation

54
Q

What is Vestibular sense

A

Information about balance, movement

55
Q

What is Proprioceptive feedback?

A

Information about relative position limbs and body

56
Q

What is Semicircular canals?

A

Contain sensory receptors to detect head motion

GenPsychFall (9 decks)

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