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GenPsychFall > Chapter 2 Quiz > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Quiz Flashcards

1
Q

Define what a neuron is.

A

A neuron is a nerve cell, the basic building block of the nervous system through which information in the form of neutral impulses is transmitted.

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2
Q

Identify the parts of the neuron.

A

The parts of the neuron include the following: The cell body/soma, the axon, dendrites, and terminal buttons.

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3
Q

What is and what is the function of the cell body/soma?

A

Houses the cell nucleus and carries out the metabolic work of the cell.

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4
Q

What is and what is the function of the axon?

A

A long cable that conducts outgoing messages (neutral impulses) to other neurons.

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5
Q

What is and what is the function of dendrites?

A

Fibers that receive neural messages from other neurons

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6
Q

What is and what is the function of terminal buttons

A

Swellings at the ends of the axon that release neurotransmitters in the synapse.

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7
Q

What happens when a neural impulse reaches the terminal buttons?

A

Triggers the release of neurotransmitters

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8
Q

What are neurotransmitters?

A

The chemical messengers that carry the message across the synapse to neighboring neurons.

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9
Q

What is the synapse?

A

A tiny gap between neurons

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10
Q

Neural impulses are ___ events

A

Electrochemical events

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11
Q

How is an action potential generated?

A

When a neuron is stimulated beyond a threshold level, there is a rapid shift in its polarity from a negative to a positive charge. This reversal of charge is generated along the length of the axon to the terminal buttons.

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12
Q

What is the reversal of charge that is generated along the length of the axon to the terminal buttons called?

A

Action potential or neural impulse.

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13
Q

Describe the functions of neurotransmitters in behavior and mental processes.

A

Neurotransmitters are involved in psychological processes such as memory, learning, and regulation of emotions.

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14
Q

What are some results in neurotransmitter irregularities?

A

Irregularities in the functioning of particular neurotransmitters are implicated in various disorders, including schizophrenia and depression.

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15
Q

What are five key neurotransmitters?

A

Dopamine, glutamate, GABA, seratonin, and endorphins

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16
Q

What is the function of Dopamine?

A

Involved in controlling muscle contractions and in learning, memory, emotional processing and regulating pleasurable sensations.

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17
Q

What is the function of Glutamate?

A

An excitatory neurotransmitter that maintains states of arousal in the central nervous system and is also involved in hearing.

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18
Q

What is the function of GABA?

A

That tones down central nervous system activity.

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19
Q

What is the function of Seratonin?

A

Plays key roles in regulation of mood states, feelings of satiety or fullness after a meal, sleep, and processes that curb impulsive behaviors.

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20
Q

What is the function of Endorphins?

A

Help deaden pain and produce feelings of pleasure or well being.

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21
Q

What is the function of Antagonists?

A

Block activity of certain neurotransmitters

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22
Q

What is the function of Agonists?

A

Increase activity or availability of certain neurotransmitters

23
Q

What are the three types of neurons in the human body?

A

Sensory neurons, motor neurons, and interneurons

24
Q

When a neuron is at rest ___

A

Greater concentration of sodium ions remains outside the nerve cell.

25
Q

Although nerve cells don’t actually touch each other, they communicate by means of

A

Neurotransmitters that carry the neural impulse across the synapse

26
Q

Describe how the nervous system is organized.

A

The major divisions of the nervous system are the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system.

27
Q

What is the central nervous system consist of?

A

The brain and spinal cord.

28
Q

What is the function of the peripheral nervous system

A

Connects the central nervous system to the rest of the body.

29
Q

What are the two systems/divisions the peripheral system is divided into?

A

The somatic nervous system and autonomic system.

30
Q

What is the function of nervous system?

A

The master control unit that controls bodily processes and enables higher mental functions, such as thinking, problem solving and reasoning.

31
Q

What is the function of the somatic nervous system?

A

_ nervous system relays messages between your central nervous system and your sensory organs and muscles

32
Q

What is the function of the autonomic nervous system (ANS)?

A

_ nervous system automatically controls vital bodily processes such as heartbeat, respiration, digestion, and dilation.

33
Q

What are the two divisions of the autonomic nervous system?

A

The sympathetic nervous system, and the parasympathetic system.

34
Q

What is the function of the sympathetic nervous system?

A

__ nervous system speeds up bodily processes that expand energy.

35
Q

What is the function of the parasympathetic system?

A

__ slows down some bodily processes and fosters others such as digestion, that replenish stores of energy.

36
Q

Which part of the nervous system triggers changes that prepare the body to cope with stress?

A

The sympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system.

37
Q

What are the three major sections of the brain?

A

The hindbrain, the midbrain and the forebrain.

38
Q

What are the components of the hindbrain and its function?

A

The medulla, pons, and cerebellum. The function is involved in controlling basic bodily functions.

39
Q

What are the components of the midbrain and its functions?

A

Nerve bundles that relay messages between the hindbrain and the forebrain. It also houses structures that help regulate automatic movement. It regulates the states of attention, alertness, and arousal.

40
Q

What are the major components of the forebrain.

A

The thalamus, the hypothalamus, the limbic system, and the cerebral cortex.

41
Q

What is the function of the Thalamus? Part of the forebrain

A

Relays sensory information to the cerebral cortex and helps regulate states of sleep and wakefulness.

42
Q

What is the function of the Hypothalamus? Part of the forebrain

A

Plays a key role in controlling many vital bodily processes, including hunger, thirst, daily sleep cycles, body temperature, bodily response to stress, reproductive processes, as well as emotional states and aggressive behavior.

43
Q

What is the function of the Limbic system? Part of the forebrain

A

Is involved in memory and emotional processing.

44
Q

What is the Limbic system include?

A

The amygdala, hippocampus, and parts of the thalamus and hypothalamus.

45
Q

What is the function of the cerebral cortex?

A

Responsible for processing sensory information, for higher mental functions such as thought, problem solving, and language, and for controlling voluntary movement, among other functions

46
Q

The cerebral cortex forms the thin, outer layer of the largest part of the forebrain which is called __

A

The cerebrum

47
Q

How many masses is the cerebrum consist of?

A

The right and left cerebral hemispheres.

48
Q

What is and what is the function of the corpus callosum?

A

A thick bundle of nerve fibers that connect the cerebral hemispheres and forms a pathway by which the hemispheres share information and communicate with each other.

49
Q

What are the four lobes the cerebral cortex is divided into

A

The occipital, parietal, frontal, and temporal.

50
Q

Where are the occipital lobes located? What is the function of the occipital lobes

A

Located in the back of the head. The function is to process visual information including visual cues that enable us to recognize objects and faces.

51
Q

Where are the parietal lobes located? What is the function of the parietal lobes?

A

Located on the sides of the brain, directly above and in front of the occipital lobes. The function is to process information relating to sensations of touch, pressure, temperature, pain and body movement.

52
Q

Where is the somatosensory cortex? What is its function?

A

At the front of the parietal lobes lies a strip of nerve cells. It processes sensory information received from receptors in the skin, giving rise to our experience of touch, pressure

53
Q

What is the function of the amygdala? Found within the Limbic system.

A

Among its functions triggers emotional response of fear when we encounter a threatening stimulus or situation.

54
Q

What is the function of the hippocampus? Found within the Limbic system.

A

Plays an important role in the formation of new memories.

GenPsychFall (9 decks)

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