Chapter 3- Self, Social, and Moral Development

Question 1

blended families

Answer 1

parents, children, and step children merged into families through marriages

Question 2

extended families

Answer 2

parents, children, grandparents, aunts, uncles, and cousins living in the same household or in close proximity so they can have regular contact with one another

Question 3

parenting styles

Answer 3

the ways of interacting with and disciplining children

Question 4

attachment

Answer 4

forming an emotional bond with another person, initially a parent or family member

Question 5

peer cultures

Answer 5

groups of children or adolescents with their own rules and norms, particularly about such things as dress, appearance, music, language, social values, and behaviours

Question 6

self-concept

Answer 6

individual’s knowledge and beliefs about themselves-their ideas, feelings, attitudes, and expectations, cognitive structure, includes self-efficacy, self-esteem, gender identity, evolves during interactions and experiences

Question 7

self-esteem

Answer 7

the value each of us places on our own characteristics, abilities, behaviours, general sense of value and self worth, influenced by self-efficacy (judgement about how well you can do a task), determined by low-ability placement, success on tasks that matter, collaborative learning

Question 8

theory of mind

Answer 8

an understanding that other people are people too, with their own minds, thoughts, feelings, beliefs, desires, and perceptions

Question 9

perspective-taking ability

Answer 9

understanding that others have different feelings and experiences

Question 10

moral reasoning

Answer 10

the thinking process involved in judgements about questions of right and wrong

Question 11

moral dilemmas

Answer 11

situations in which no choice is clearly and indisputably right

Question 12

social conventions

Answer 12

agreed-upon rules and ways of doing things in a particular situation

Question 13

distributive justice

Answer 13

beliefs about how to divide materials or privileges fairly among members of a group; follows a sequence of development from equality to merit to benevolence

Question 14

moral realism

Answer 14

stage of development wherein children see rules as absolute

Question 15

morality of cooperation

Answer 15

stage of development wherein children realize that people make rules and people can change them

Question 16

internalize

Answer 16

process whereby children adopt external standards as their own

Question 17

instrumental aggression

Answer 17

strong actions aimed at claiming an object, place, or privilege- not intended to harm, but may lead to harm

Question 18

hostile aggression

Answer 18

bold, direct action that is intended to hurt someone else; unprovoked attack

Question 19

overt aggression

Answer 19

a form of hostile aggression that involves physical attack

Question 20

relational aggression

Answer 20

a form of hostile aggression that involves verbal attacks and other actions meant to harm social relationships