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Mol 1 > Chapter 3- RNA Transcription > Flashcards

Chapter 3- RNA Transcription Flashcards

1
Q

What is a link between ohenotype and genotype and what does it cause.

A

Proteins are the link between ohenotype and genotype. It causes the external and internal features of a human.

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2
Q

What is gene expression

A

Transcription and translation that makes proteins.

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3
Q

Rna is just ___ gene long which causes what

A

It is 1 gene long and causes only 1 protein to be made in eukaryotes.

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4
Q

Rna acts like ____ and __________

A

Dna; catalyses some reactions.

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5
Q

What are mrnas

A

Presents codons to the ribosomes

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6
Q

What are small nucleaur rna

A

Only in nucleus and is only used in splicing.

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7
Q

What is micro rna

A

Small non coding rna thats us3d in expression or depression

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8
Q

What is hnrna and premrna

A

Only in nucleus and is a precursor to mrna

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9
Q

What is trna

A

Presents amino acids to ribosomes

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10
Q

What is ribosomal rna

A

Ribosomes r made of rrna

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11
Q

What are ribizymes

A

Do the catakytic reactions

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12
Q

Mrna has ______ and what are they

A

Has codons and are three nucletides

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13
Q

______. Serves as a codon storage molecule and. ________. Serves as codon presenting molecule

A

Dna; MRNA

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14
Q

Once proteins are made they are ____________

A

Post translational,y modified

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15
Q

Proteins considt of __________. Chains

A

1 or more polypeptide chains

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16
Q

Dna has 99% of ______ and 1% ________

A

Introns that are non coding to prevent mutations and exons are 1% that are coding that are transcribed

17
Q

What is the step that takes place in nucleus

A

At first the dna is transcribed and made into pre mrna that is post transcriptionally modified to form mrna which si then translocated outside of the nucleus to ribosomes to be made into proteins

18
Q

What controls transcription in eukaryotes

A

Rna polymerase 2

19
Q

What does rna polymerase do

A

Searches dna for intitiation site mainly at promoter and starts unwinding along with transcriptionsl factors (protein tflld, tfllb, tflle, tfllh, tfllf). They assist the rna polymerase to assist or inhibit transcription by forming a preinitiation complex. This is intitiation. Then after unwinding they use template strand. ( 3’-5’) anti sense and snti coding strand to elongate. The nucleotides arrange by complementsrily to form 5’-3’ mrna and form phosphodiester bond. Tf recognide snd regulate different gene expressions. Once termination signal is reached, transcription is stopped

20
Q

Coding strand has what

A

It has the code and resembles the mrna and also is known as sense strand too. (5’-3’)

21
Q

Rna polymerase 2 is inhibited by what

A

A amantin in mushrooms

22
Q

Whats upstream or downstream

A

Upstream is to the left and has + numbers and downstream is to the right and has - numbers

23
Q

Where are promoter regions located

A

They are upstream of the start site

24
Q

Start site is at what base

A

Base +1

25
Q

What are some eukaryotic promoter regions

A

CAAT, GC, TATA, CAP

26
Q

Rna polymerase starts synthesising inehich direction

A

5’-3’

27
Q

Does rna polymerase profread

A

No

28
Q

Wha5 are enhancers and where are they located

A

They are on dna and they increase the activties of promoters and they are either proximal ( close) to the promoters or distal. (On snother chromose or same but distally)

29
Q

Whats prokaryotic transcription

A

Same process however sigma factors i stead of transcription factors and promoters and also rho factors mostly for ending by termination signals. Sigma usually leaves once initiation starts.

30
Q

Prokaryotic rna polymerase is inhibited by what

A

Rifampin

31
Q

Rna polymerase has subunit structure _____

A

a2BB

32
Q

Are orokaryotic transcripton happening campartmentalky

A

No

33
Q

Why does translation begin before transcription in prokaryotes

A

Because they have no intorns

34
Q

What is the SD region

A

There sre no post transcriptional modifs in proksryotes therefore they have 5 utr and 3 utr therefore sd is located in 5 utr. It has the ribosomal binding sute which is located upstream to the start codon. This helps inititiate the protein synthesis by aligning ribisomes. This haooens (translation) until a stop codon is reached. The ribosome translates the message in 5’-3’ therefore protein is built from amino group to the carboxyl end

35
Q

Monocytronic vs polycistronic

A

Eukaryotes are mono and prokaryotes are poly because many genes can be made due to SD.

Mol 1 (6 decks)

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