Chapter 2- DNA Structure

Question 1

________ stroes genetic info and hoe is it passed to daughter cells

Answer 1

DNA stores genetic information and is passed to daughter cells through dividing via replication

Question 2

What is central dogma

Answer 2

The passing of info from dna to rna by transcription and then to protein by translation is callled cemtral dogma

Question 3

Whats the dna model we use now

Answer 3

Watson and crick

Question 4

What does the primary structure of dna have and how does it form sec pr ter

Answer 4

It has a sugar phosphate bacbones attached to nitrogenous bases attached to them and aggregation happens to form sec and then tertiary.

Question 5

What has phosphate and what has base and whats the carbon thats diff and how

Answer 5

Phosphate is attachex to 5th carbon and 1st carbon has base and 2nd carbon has o in rna and no o in dna.

Question 6

Whats a nucleotide

Answer 6

A sugar phosphate backbone with a base attaches

Question 7

What are the two types of bases

Answer 7

Pyramidines are cytosines, thymine and uracil that have one cyclic ring and purine is adenine and gusnine containing two cyclic rings

Question 8

Whats deamination and what does it cause

Answer 8

It causes mutation of A to G by removal of amine group and addition of O. Also of pyramidines by removal of amine group from c to and addition of o to form U and further addition if methyl group to form thymine

Question 9

What are nucleosides and how can they be converted into nculeotides

Answer 9

They dont have phosphste bhut have everything else and by adding phosphate they can be converted to nucleotides.

Question 10

What are mono di and tri phosphates and by what

Answer 10

Addition kf single double or triple phosphates by high energy bonds

Question 11

What are the differences between dna and rna

Answer 11

Dna is double stranded and rna is single
Dna has deoxyribose rna has ribose
Dna has no u and t instead however rna has u instead of t

Question 12

Phosphodiesterbond is in which direction and dna synthesis in which

Answer 12

3’-5’ ; 5’-3’

Question 13

A and t has how many bonds and g and c how many and who requires more energy and why

Answer 13

At has two bonds and gc have three and gc take more to breakdown because more bonds

Question 14

Whats chargaffs rule

Answer 14

A = t and g = c in percentage

Question 15

Dna binds in ________ manner

Answer 15

Antipsrellel

Question 16

What forms of dna

Answer 16

Dna has A form that can be dehydrated into b form and b form is 99.9%. Of dna in humans and z form is the one thats having regulatory proterties.

Question 17

What breaks between dna and how

Answer 17

Hydrogen bonds betwenen dna strands and by denaturing at high temp or alter8ng the ph.

Question 18

What is melting temp and how can dna be repaured

Answer 18

It is at which half of dna is denatured and by cooling

Question 19

Whats the diff between promaryotic dna and eukaryotic

Answer 19

Prokaryotic dna is circular small and ds dns that has no membrane bounded organelles. Dna is bound by non histone proteins to form nucloid. They also have plasmids that may replicate and store info just like dna.
Eukaryotes are dsdna which is linear which is bounded by membrane bound organelles and also dna is wrapped in non histone and histone proteins (h2A; H2B; H3 and H4) to form nucleosome which is an example of chromatin.