Chapter 3 Review Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of logic?

A

Logic is the science of right thinking

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2
Q

What are the two main branches of logic

A

formal or “minor” logic; material or “major” logic

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3
Q

Define truth

A

correspondence to reality

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4
Q

Define validity

A

when the conclusion follows logically from the premises

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5
Q

Define soundness

A

when all the premises are true and the argument is valid

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6
Q

What is the purpose of formal logic?

A

to lead us from one truth to another

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7
Q

List the three acts of the mind involved in logic and their corresponding verbal expressions.

A

Simple apprehension - term; judgement - proposition (or statement); deductive inference - syllogism

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8
Q

What are the three things associated with simple apprehension?

A

sense perception; mental image; concept

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9
Q

Give a definition of sense perception

A

the act of seeing or hearing or smelling or tasting or touching

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10
Q

Give the definition of mental image

A

the image of an object formed in the mind as a result of a sense perception of that object

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11
Q

Give the definition of simple apprehension

A

an act by which the mind grasps the concept or general meaning of an object without affirming or denying anything about it

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12
Q

List the three acts of the mind involved in logic and their corresponding verbal expressions.

A

Simple apprehension - term; judgement - proposition (or statement); deductive inference - syllogism

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13
Q

Name the five elements represented by a concept

A

substance, material, living, sentient, rational

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14
Q

What is the extension concept ‘man’?

A

all the men there are, ever were, and ever will be

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15
Q

How do you find the comprehension of a concept?

A

List the notes (or Porphyrian Tree categories)

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16
Q

What is the relationship between extension and comprehension?

A

the greater the comprehension a concept has, the less extension it has; and the more extension it has, the less comprehension

17
Q

What does sentient mean?

A

it has senses such as sight, hearing, etc.

18
Q

What does material mean?

A

it has a body, rather than being purely spiritual - like angels

19
Q

What does substance mean?

A

It is something rather than nothing

20
Q

What are the two properties of terms

A

signification and supposition

21
Q

Give a definition of term

A

a word or group of words that verbally expresses a concept

22
Q

What are three ways terms can be divided according to signification?

A

univocal terms; equivocal terms; analogous terms

23
Q

What are univocal terms?

A

terms that have exactly the same meaning no matter when or how they are used

24
Q

What are equivocal terms?

A

terms that, although spelled and pronounced exacly alike, have entirely different and unrelated meanings

25
What are analogous terms?
terms that are applied to different things, but have related meanings
26
What is material supposition?
the use of a term according to its verbal existence
27
What is logical supposition?
the use of a term according to its mental or logical existence
28
What is real supposition?
the use of a term according to its real or actual existence
29
What are the three aspects of logic?
apprehension, judgment, and deductive inference