Chapter 3: Reflexive Behavior and Respondent Conditioning Flashcards
A respondent conditioning procedure where the unconditioned stimulus (US) is presented before the conditioned stimulus (CS).
Backward Conditioning
A response that is elicited by a conditioned stimulus (CS)
Conditioned Response
The stimulus component of a respondent conditioning procedure; a formally neutral stimulus that elicits a conditioned response (CR) only after it has been paired with an unconditioned stimulus (US).
Conditioned Stimulus
A respondent conditioning procedure where the conditioned stimulus (CS) is presented and the unconditioned stimulus (US) is then presented before the termination of the CS.
Delayed Conditioning
Respondent (CR) and reflexive (UR) behavior that is made to occur by the presentation of a stimulus (CS or US).
Elicited (behavior)
The function (graph) that relates values of the conditioned stimulus (CS; loudness of tone) to a measure of response strength (i.e., likelihood of the CR occurring)
Generalization gradient
The process that accounts for the decreased likelihood of an unconditioned stimulus (US) eliciting an unconditioned response (UR) after repeated presentations of the unconditioned stimulus (US).
Habituation
As the intensity of the unconditioned stimulus (US) increases, the latency (time to onset) of the unconditioned response (UR) decreases.
Law on the Latency
A law that describes the point at which the intensity of an unconditioned stimulus is strong enough to elicit an unconditioned response.
Law of the threshold
Behavior that is a product of an individual organisms life history.
Ontogenetic
the weakening of respondent conditioning with one stimulus because of the presence of another stimulus (e.g., if a soft tone and a loud bell both precede food, the tone may remain ineffective as a CS even though it and the bell have the same contingent relation to food).
Overshadowing
Behavior that is a result of the evolutionary history of the species.
Phylogenetic
The demonstrated effect of an inert substance (e.g., sugar pill) on the wellbeing of a patient.
Placebo effect
Laws that govern the US–>UR relationship
Primary laws of the reflex
When an unconditioned stimulus elicits an unconditioned response (US–>UR).
Reflex
Behavior that increases or decreases by the presentation of a conditioned stimulus (CS)
Respondent
This occurs when an organism shows a conditioned response to one stimulus by not to other similar events.
Respondent discrimination
The repeated presentation of the conditioned stimulus (CS) without unconditioned stimulus.
Respondent extinction (procedure)
the decline in strength of the conditioned response when a respondent extinction procedure is in effect.
Respondent extinction (process)
This occurs when an organism shows a conditioned response to values of the conditioned stimulus that have not been trained.
Respondent generalization
A term used to describe if a stimulus is intense enough to influence behavior
Salient
A conditioning procedure that involves pairing two conditioned stimuli, rather than a conditioned and unconditioned stimulus.
Second-order conditioning
A respondent conditioning procedure in which the CS and US are presented at the same time.
Simultaneous conditioning
An increase in the magnitude of the CR after respondent extinction has occurred and time has passed
Spontaneous recovery
A respondent conditioning procedure in which the CS is presented for a brief period and after some time has passed the US is presented.
Trace conditioning
When more of the drug (US) needed to obtain the same drug effects (UR)
Tolerance
The behavior elicited by the US
Unconditioned response
The eliciting event for a UR
Unconditioned stimulus
