Chapter 3 Quiz

Question 1

Endocrine Organ

Answer 1

• Steroids and peptide hormones

- Controls fetal development, shapes maternal response to pregnancy

Question 2

Placenta

Answer 2

• Not permanent
• Starts over at every pregnancy
• One pregnancy can have normal placenta, one could be bad

Question 3

Anabolic State

Answer 3

• State of growth/development
• Requires energy
• Describes pregnancy

Question 4

When does placenta grow?

Answer 4

Week 1-13

Question 5

Weight gain in pregnancy

Answer 5

• Depends on mothers weigh prior to pregnancy
• Most weight gain occurs in second half (bc need more energy)
• Not related to growth of fetus, you gain additional

Question 6

Maternal Changes

Answer 6

• Increased blood volume because O2 increases
• Water retention
• Bigger boobs to prepare for lactation
• Fat reservs

Question 7

When does lactation begin?

Answer 7

When placenta detaches

Question 8

Blood volume / placenta

Answer 8

• Placenta requires more blood, which changes composition of blood
• Because more O2 required by tissues
• Placenta/uterus highly vascularized

Question 9

The heart / pregnancy

Answer 9

• Heart increases in volume by 20%

- Pulse rate increases

Question 10

Blood Composition / Pregnancy

Answer 10

• Increase plasma volume
• Increased demand for O2 transport
• 20% more RBC volume

Question 11

Hemoglobin Concentration

Answer 11

• 10.5 g/dL = anemic

- Because blood volume increases, being 10.5 doesnt mean you’re anemic, but that you’ve gained blood

Question 12

Renal Adaptations during Pregnancy

Answer 12

• Tubular reabsorption of water
• Volume of urine produced is less
• Greater metabolic waste

Question 13

Respiratory Adaptations during Pregnancy

Answer 13

• High demand for O2, respiratory system becomes more efficient in gas exchange
• Rapid rate of breathing increased in late pregnancy

Question 14

Gastrointestinal Adaptations during Pregnancy

Answer 14

• GI tract is responsive to high concentrations of progesterone/estrogen
• Stomach’s secretion of guides reduce, emptying is slowed
• Intestine motility of small and large is reduced (increasing time in which nutrients are absorbed)

Question 15

Metabolic Adaptions during Pregnancy

Answer 15

• Demands for protein is increased (half deposited in fetus and placenta)
• Decreased GI motility improves absorption of amino acids from food

Question 16

Pregnancy and Insulin?

Answer 16

Pregnancy is a state of insulin resistance

• In 2/3 trimester, women secrete more insulin
• Suppress disposal of glucose/glycogen in liver
• Glucose concentration still high

Question 17

How do women conserve energy?

Answer 17

• Reductions in basal metabolism
• Reduction in physical activity
• 70,000 kcal over period of total energy needed

Question 18

Behavioral Adaptations during Pregnancy

Answer 18

• Reduce maternal energy exposure (more pregnant, less physical activity, more energy for baby)
• Alterations in food (smaller portions more frequently)

Question 19

Nausea and Vomiting of Pregnancy (NVP)

Answer 19

• Morning sickness
• Appears 2-6 weeks into pregnancy (bc increased HCG)
• Disappear by 20 weeks
• More common in developing countries
• up to 2/3 women have

Question 20

Endocrine Origins

Answer 20

• Progesterone: promote gastric reflux, regulates muscle tone in GI tract
• Estrogen: estrogen based contraceptives cause nausea

Question 21

Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin (HCG)

Answer 21

• Important in normal implantation of embryo and establishment of placenta
• Levels out around 20 weeks

Question 22

NVP / Pregnancy outcome

Answer 22

• Reduces risk of miscarriage in first 12 weeks

- Good pregnancy outcome

Question 23

Hyperemesis Gravidarum

Answer 23

• Onset 4-10 weeks
• Nonstop vomiting
• Dehydration, nutrient deficiency
• Women w this are also infected with Helicobacter pylori (associated w ulsters)