chapter 3 quiz Flashcards
cognitive neuroscience
the interdisciplinary study of the brain activity linked with cognition
consciousness
our awareness of ourselves and our environments
dual processing
the principle that information is often simultaneously processed on separate conscious and unconscious tracks
blindsight
a condition in which a person can respond to a visual stimulus without consciously experiencing it
letive attention
the focusing of conscious awareness on a particular stimulus
inattentional blindness
failing to see visible objects when our attention is directed elsewhere
change blindness
failing to notice changes in the environment
circadian rhythm
the biological clock that occur on a 24 hour cycle
rem sleep
rapid eye movement sleep, a recurring sleep stage during which vivid dreams commonly occur
alpha waves
the relatively slow brain waves of a relaxed, awake state
sleep
periodic, natural loss of consciousness as distinct from unconsciousness resulting from a coma
hallucinations
false sensory experiences, such as seeing something in the absence of an external visual stimulus
delta waves
the large, slow brain waves associated with deep sleep
suprachiasmatic nucleus
a pair of cell clusters in the hypothalamus that responds to light sensitive retinal proteins
insomnia
recurring problems in falling or staying asleep
narcolepsy
a sleep disorder characterized by uncontrollable sleep attacks
sleep apnea
a sleep disorder characterized by temporary cessations of breathing during sleep and repeated momentary awakenings
night terrors
a sleep disorder characterized by high arousal and an appearance of being terrified
dream
a sequence of images, emotions, and thoughts passing through a sleeping persons mind
manifest content
according to freud, the remembered story line of a dream
latent content
according to freud, the underlying meaning of a dream
rem rebound
the tendency for rem sleep to increase following rem sleep deprivation
hypnosis
a social interaction in which one person suggests to another that certain perceptions, feelings, thoughts, or behaviors will spontaneously occur
posthypnotic suggestion
a suggestion, made during a hypnosis session, to be carried out after the subject is no longer hypnotized
dissociation
a split in consciousness, which allows some thoughts and behaviors to occur simultaneously with others
psychoactive drug
a chemical substance that alters perceptions and moods
tolerance
with repeated use, achieving the desired effect requires larger doses
addiction
compulsive drug craving and use, despite adverse consequences
withdrawal
the discomfort and distress that follow discounting the use of an addictive drug
physical dependence
a physiological need for a drug
psychological dependence
a psychological need to use a drug
depressants
drugs that reduce neural activity and slow body functions
alcohol dependence
popularly known as alcoholism, alcohol use marked by tolerance, withdrawal if suspended, and a drive to continue use
barbiturates
drugs that depress central nervous system activity, reducing anxiety but impairing memory and judgement
opiates
opium and its derivatives they depress neural activity, temporarily lessening pain and anxiety
stimulants
drugs that excite neural activity and speed up body functions
amphetamines
drugs that stimulate neural activity
nicotine
a stimulating and highly addictive psychoactive drug in tobacco
methamphetamine
a powerfully addictive drug that stimulates the central nervous system, with speeded up body functions and associated energy and mood changes
ecstasy
a synthetic stimulant and mild hallucinogen
hallucinogens
psychedelic drugs that distort perceptions and evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory input
lsd
a powerful hallucinogenic drug also known as acid
near death experience
an altered state of consciousness reported after a close brush with death
thc
the major active ingredient in marijuana
