chapter 14 Flashcards
the concept that diseases have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and cured, often through treatment in a hospital
medical model
a significant dysfunction in a persons thoughts, feelings, or behaviors
psychological disorder
a psychological disorder marked by the appearance by age 7 of one or more of three key symptoms: extreme inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity
ADHD
the American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manuel of Mental Disorders
DSM-IV-TR
psychological disorders characterized by distressing, persistent anxiety or maladaptive behaviors that reduce anxiety
anxiety disorders
an anxiety disorder in which a person is continually tense, apprehensive, and in a state of autonomic nervous system arousal
generalized anxiety disorders
an anxiety disorder marked by unpredictable, minutes-long episodes of intense dread
panic disorder
an anxiety disorder marked by a persistent, irrational fear and avoidance of a specific object, activity, or situation
phobia
an anxiety disorder characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts, actions, or both
OCD
an anxiety disorder characterized by haunting memories, nightmares, social withdrawal, jumpy anxiety, and/or insomnia that lingers for four weeks or more after a traumatic experience
PTSD
psychological disorders characterized by emotional extremes
mood disorders
a mood disorder in which a person experiences, in the absence of drugs or another medical condition, two or more weeks of significantly depressed moods or diminished interest or pleasure in most activities, along with at least four other symptoms
major depressive disorder
a mood disorder in which a person alternates between the hopelessness and lethargy of depression and the overexcited state of mania
bipolar disorder
a hyperactive, wildly optimistic state in which dangerously poor judgement is common
mania
a group of severe disorders characterized by disorganized and delusional thinking, disturbed perceptions, and inappropriate emotions and behaviors
schizophrenia
a psychological disorder in which a person loses contact with reality, experiencing irrational ideas and distorted perceptions
psychosis
false beliefs
delusions
disorders in which conscious awareness becomes separated from previous memories, thoughts, and feelings
dissociative disorders
a rare dissociative disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities
DID
a eating disorder in which a person maintains a starvation diet despite being significantly underweight
anorexia nervosa
an eating disorder in which a person alternates binge eating with purging or fasting
bulimia nervosa
significant binge-eating episodes, followed by distress, disgust, or guilt, but without the compensatory purging or fasting that marks bulimia nervosa
binge-eating disorder
psychological disorders characterized by inflexible and enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning
personality disorders
a personality disorder in which a person exhibits a lack of conscience for wrongdoing
antisocial personality disorder
