Chapter 3 Public Health: Vital Vocabulary Flashcards

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1
Q

Public health professional who investigates patterns and causes of disease and injury in a given population, and seeks to reduce the risk, occurrence, and negative impacts of these threats through research, public education, and legislative change.

A

epidemiologist

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2
Q

The study of the causes, patterns, prevalence, and control of disease in groups of people.

A

epidemiology

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3
Q

Collection of the methods, skills, and activities necessary to determine whether a service or program is needed, likely to be used, conducted as planned, and actually helps people.

A

evaluation

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4
Q

A framework developed by William Haddon, Jr, MD, as a method to generate ideas about injury prevention that address the host, agent, and environment and their impact in the pre-event, event, and post-event phases of the injury process.

A

Haddon matrix

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5
Q

Injuries that are purposefully inflicted by a person on himself or herself or on another person; examples include suicide or attempted suicide, homicide, rape, assault, domestic abuse, elder abuse, and child abuse.

A

intentional injuries

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6
Q

In the context of prevention, specific measures or activities designed to meet a program objective; categories include education/ behavior change, enforcement/ legislation, engineering/ technology, and economic incentives.

A

interventions

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7
Q

Number of nonfatally injured or disabled people; usually expressed as a rate, meaning the number of nonfatal injuries in a certain population in a given time period divided by the size of the population.

A

morbidity

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8
Q

Deaths caused by injury and disease; usually expressed as a rate, meaning the number of deaths in a certain population in a given time period divided by the size of the population.

A

mortality

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9
Q

State the intended effect of the program on participants or on the community in such terms as the participants’ increased knowledge, changed behaviors or attitudes, or decreased injury rates.

A

outcome (impact) objectives

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10
Q

Something that offers automatic protection from injury or illness, often without requiring any conscious change of behavior by the person; child-resistant bottles and airbags are examples.

A

passive interventions

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11
Q

Keeping an injury or illness from occurring.

A

primary prevention

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12
Q

State how a program will be implemented, describing the service to be provided, the nature of the service, and to whom it will be directed.

A

process objectives

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13
Q

An industry whose mission is to prevent disease and promote good health within groups of people.

A

public health

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14
Q

A potentially hazardous situation that puts people in a position in which they could be harmed.

A

risk

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15
Q

Characteristics of people, behaviors, or environments that increase the chances of disease or injury; some examples are alcohol use, poverty, smoking, or gender.

A

risk factors

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16
Q

Reducing the effects of an injury or illness that has already happened.

A

secondary prevention

17
Q

The ongoing systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of injury data essential to the planning, implementation, and evaluation of public health practice.

A

surveillance

18
Q

Monitoring and comparing the current number and nature of medical cases against the expected volume of these cases at a given time and place in the community.

A

syndromic surveillance

19
Q

Injuries that occur without intent to harm (commonly called accidents); some examples are motor vehicle collisions, poisonings, drownings, falls, and most burns.

A

unintentional injuries

20
Q

A way of measuring and comparing the overall impact of deaths resulting from different causes; calculated based on a fixed age minus the age at death.

A

years of potential life lost (YPLL)