Chapter 3: Protein

Question 1

Contains carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

Answer 1

Protein
Carbs
Lipids

Question 2

Protein contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and…

Answer 2

Nitrogen

Question 3

What is proteins primary role?

Answer 3

Growth
Maintenance
Repair

Question 4

Who requires the most protein?

Answer 4

Children

Question 5

Building blocks for proteins (contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen, sometimes sulfur)

Answer 5

Amino acids

Question 6

3 states if nitrogen measurement

Answer 6

Positive nitrogen balance
Negative nitrogen balance
Balanced

Question 7

How well nutrients in food can be made into body protein

Answer 7

Biological value

Question 8

Contain all the EAA’s in needed proportions. Animals protein provides this

Answer 8

Complete proteins

Question 9

Low in one or more EAA’s. Plant protein provides this

Answer 9

Incomplete proteins

Question 10

Form an amino acid pattern equal to that in a “complete protein” by combining two foods in the same meal

Answer 10

Complementary proteins

Question 11

A small amount of high quality protein added to a meal that might otherwise be marginal in protein quantity

Answer 11

Supplementary proteins

Question 12

What is the recommended amount of daily protein intake?

Answer 12

40-65 grams

Question 13

Where is protein deficiency most often found?

Answer 13

Blood cells and cells lining the digestive tract

Question 14

What are changes that occur because of protein deficiency?

Answer 14

Anemia
Lowered resistance to infection 
Edema 
Brittle and slow growing hair and nails
Scaly skin with sores that won’t heal

Question 15

What are the 2 most common deficiencies?

Answer 15

Kwashiorkor and marasmus

Question 16

Lack of protein; edema causes pot bellied look on starving kids

Answer 16

Kwashiorkor

Question 17

Near or total starvation form lack of calories, anorexia

Answer 17

Marasmus

Question 18

What is the highest recommendation of the amount of a protein rich food source in a day?

Answer 18

6 oz

Question 19

If the diet contains too much protein the body has 2 choices…

Answer 19

Use it for energy

Store it for fat

Question 20

Is vital for life and second to only water as the most important nutrient

Answer 20

Protein

Question 21

Primary role of protein in the body

Answer 21

Growth
Maintenance
Repair

Question 22

Structural protein

Answer 22

Skin
Tendons 
Bone matrix
Cartilage
Connective tissue
Teeth
Eye lens

Question 23

Functional proteins maintenance and repair

Answer 23

Regulate activity within the body’s fluid compartments, make hormones, enzymes, antibodies, transport proteins, chemical messengers, regulate pH of the mouth

Question 24

Protein need increase with…

Answer 24

High levels or physical or emotional stress, growth, injury, illness

Question 25

Protein is lost during the day through…

Answer 25

Urine, feces, sweats mucus, sloughed skin, lost hair and nails

Question 26

Digestion of protein

Answer 26

1 protein rich food is mashed into smaller parts as it is chewed and swallowed
2 hydrochloride acid and pepsin break apart protein molecules in the stomach
3 hydrolysis happens when it passes into the small intestine where trypsin and chymotrypsin continue to break it down into a single amino acid
4 passes through intestinal villi and is absorbed by the body
5 carries by blood to liver
6 liver cells use amino acids for protein synthesis
7 liver can remove amino group to use carbon chains for fuel