Chapter 3: Protein Flashcards
Contains carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
Protein
Carbs
Lipids
Protein contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and…
Nitrogen
What is proteins primary role?
Growth
Maintenance
Repair
Who requires the most protein?
Children
Building blocks for proteins (contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen, sometimes sulfur)
Amino acids
3 states if nitrogen measurement
Positive nitrogen balance
Negative nitrogen balance
Balanced
How well nutrients in food can be made into body protein
Biological value
Contain all the EAA’s in needed proportions. Animals protein provides this
Complete proteins
Low in one or more EAA’s. Plant protein provides this
Incomplete proteins
Form an amino acid pattern equal to that in a “complete protein” by combining two foods in the same meal
Complementary proteins
A small amount of high quality protein added to a meal that might otherwise be marginal in protein quantity
Supplementary proteins
What is the recommended amount of daily protein intake?
40-65 grams
Where is protein deficiency most often found?
Blood cells and cells lining the digestive tract
What are changes that occur because of protein deficiency?
Anemia Lowered resistance to infection Edema Brittle and slow growing hair and nails Scaly skin with sores that won’t heal
What are the 2 most common deficiencies?
Kwashiorkor and marasmus
Lack of protein; edema causes pot bellied look on starving kids
Kwashiorkor
Near or total starvation form lack of calories, anorexia
Marasmus
What is the highest recommendation of the amount of a protein rich food source in a day?
6 oz
If the diet contains too much protein the body has 2 choices…
Use it for energy
Store it for fat
Is vital for life and second to only water as the most important nutrient
Protein
Primary role of protein in the body
Growth
Maintenance
Repair
Structural protein
Skin Tendons Bone matrix Cartilage Connective tissue Teeth Eye lens
Functional proteins maintenance and repair
Regulate activity within the body’s fluid compartments, make hormones, enzymes, antibodies, transport proteins, chemical messengers, regulate pH of the mouth
Protein need increase with…
High levels or physical or emotional stress, growth, injury, illness
Protein is lost during the day through…
Urine, feces, sweats mucus, sloughed skin, lost hair and nails
Digestion of protein
1 protein rich food is mashed into smaller parts as it is chewed and swallowed
2 hydrochloride acid and pepsin break apart protein molecules in the stomach
3 hydrolysis happens when it passes into the small intestine where trypsin and chymotrypsin continue to break it down into a single amino acid
4 passes through intestinal villi and is absorbed by the body
5 carries by blood to liver
6 liver cells use amino acids for protein synthesis
7 liver can remove amino group to use carbon chains for fuel
