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Nutrition Exam 1 > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Nutrition

A

Is what we choose to eat and put into our bodies, the food we eat contains nutrients

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2
Q

Nutrients

A

Chemical substances that provide the body with energy and all it needs to function

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3
Q

96% of the body is composed of what elements?

A

Oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen

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4
Q

What are the 6 major nutrients?

A 
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Lipids
Water 
Vitamins
Minerals
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5
Q

Portion distortion

A

Increase in portion sizes and has a direct effect with the rise in obesity

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6
Q

Consumption norm

A

Should be the proper food unit to eat

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7
Q

Assumption norm

A

We assume what is placed in front of us is how much we should eat

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8
Q

Who designed TheMyPlate.gov

A

The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA)

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9
Q

Food cravings

A

Can be either emotional or physiological

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10
Q

Emotional food cravings

A

Remains as long as our emotional need remains

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11
Q

Physiological food cravings

A

Means hormones are in fluctuation

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12
Q

What is the single most craved food?

A

Chocolate

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13
Q

Things the body is trying to tell us when we have a craving:

A
  1. Emotional imbalance
  2. Need mood adjustment
  3. Blood sugar low
  4. Lacking a specific nutrient
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14
Q

Gastrointestnal (GI) tract

A

Supplied the body with nutrients and water (hollow organs)

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15
Q

What are the hollow organs?

A 
Esophagus
Stomach
Small intestines
Large intestines
Rectum
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16
Q

What are the solid organs?

A

Pancreas
Liver
Gallbladder

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17
Q

The solid organs, along with the small intestines…

A

Secrete enzymes that help break down the food into micronutrients

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18
Q

Where in the GI tract does most absorption take place?

A

Small intestines

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19
Q

Where is solid waste excreted?

A

Large intestines

20
Q

What happens if a patient cannot chew well because he does not have enough teeth or has TMJ problems?

A

They could have digestive problems

21
Q

Enzymes

A

Are of vital importance during the digestive process because they rearrange and divide food molecules, making them more bioavailable to the human body

22
Q

Major enzyme groups

A 
Protease
Lipase
Amylase
Sucrase
Lactase
23
Q

Protease

A

Works on proteins

24
Q

Lipase

A

Works on lipids

25
Q

Amylase

A

Works on carbohydrates

26
Q

Sucrase

A

Works on sucrose

27
Q

Lactase

A

Works on lactose

28
Q

What happens if a person lacks an enzyme?

A

That person will be intolerant to the food it works on

29
Q

Pepsin

A

A protease secreted by the stomach, reduces proteins into polypeptides, the process is then continued by trypsin

30
Q

Trypsin

A

A protease manufactured by the pancreas, with continues to break down the protein while it is in the small intestine

31
Q

Peristalsis

A

Alternating contractions and relaxtions

32
Q

Chyme

A

Mixture containing food bolus, enzymes, and acids

33
Q

What are the three sections of the small intestines

A

Duodenum, jejunum, and ileum

34
Q

Jejunum

A

Where most digestion and absorption takes place in the small intestines

35
Q

Villi

A

Lines the intestines and increases the surface area of the small intestines, allowing for quicker passage of nutrients (3 to 10 hours)

36
Q

Total intestinal transit time

A

Can be anywhere from 24 hours to 3 weeks

37
Q

Low on iron

A

Chewing on ice/ eating meat

38
Q

Adrenal function is low

A

Licorice

39
Q

Deficient in magnesium

A

Chocolate

40
Q

Low in fatty acids

A

Cheese

41
Q

Stressed hormones

A

Salty foods

42
Q

Low in chromium

A

Sweets

43
Q

Low in calcium

A

Soda

44
Q

Carbohydrates

A

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

45
Q

Water

A

Hydrogen, oxygen

46
Q

Protein

A

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen

47
Q

Food habits

A

Physiological
Emotional
Cultural
Social

Nutrition Exam 1 (6 decks)

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