Chapter 1 Flashcards
Nutrition
Is what we choose to eat and put into our bodies, the food we eat contains nutrients
Nutrients
Chemical substances that provide the body with energy and all it needs to function
96% of the body is composed of what elements?
Oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen
What are the 6 major nutrients?
Carbohydrates Proteins Lipids Water Vitamins Minerals
Portion distortion
Increase in portion sizes and has a direct effect with the rise in obesity
Consumption norm
Should be the proper food unit to eat
Assumption norm
We assume what is placed in front of us is how much we should eat
Who designed TheMyPlate.gov
The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA)
Food cravings
Can be either emotional or physiological
Emotional food cravings
Remains as long as our emotional need remains
Physiological food cravings
Means hormones are in fluctuation
What is the single most craved food?
Chocolate
Things the body is trying to tell us when we have a craving:
- Emotional imbalance
- Need mood adjustment
- Blood sugar low
- Lacking a specific nutrient
Gastrointestnal (GI) tract
Supplied the body with nutrients and water (hollow organs)
What are the hollow organs?
Esophagus Stomach Small intestines Large intestines Rectum
What are the solid organs?
Pancreas
Liver
Gallbladder
The solid organs, along with the small intestines…
Secrete enzymes that help break down the food into micronutrients
Where in the GI tract does most absorption take place?
Small intestines
Where is solid waste excreted?
Large intestines
What happens if a patient cannot chew well because he does not have enough teeth or has TMJ problems?
They could have digestive problems
Enzymes
Are of vital importance during the digestive process because they rearrange and divide food molecules, making them more bioavailable to the human body
Major enzyme groups
Protease Lipase Amylase Sucrase Lactase
Protease
Works on proteins
Lipase
Works on lipids
Amylase
Works on carbohydrates
Sucrase
Works on sucrose
Lactase
Works on lactose
What happens if a person lacks an enzyme?
That person will be intolerant to the food it works on
Pepsin
A protease secreted by the stomach, reduces proteins into polypeptides, the process is then continued by trypsin
Trypsin
A protease manufactured by the pancreas, with continues to break down the protein while it is in the small intestine
Peristalsis
Alternating contractions and relaxtions
Chyme
Mixture containing food bolus, enzymes, and acids
What are the three sections of the small intestines
Duodenum, jejunum, and ileum
Jejunum
Where most digestion and absorption takes place in the small intestines
Villi
Lines the intestines and increases the surface area of the small intestines, allowing for quicker passage of nutrients (3 to 10 hours)
Total intestinal transit time
Can be anywhere from 24 hours to 3 weeks
Low on iron
Chewing on ice/ eating meat
Adrenal function is low
Licorice
Deficient in magnesium
Chocolate
Low in fatty acids
Cheese
Stressed hormones
Salty foods
Low in chromium
Sweets
Low in calcium
Soda
Carbohydrates
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
Water
Hydrogen, oxygen
Protein
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen
Food habits
Physiological
Emotional
Cultural
Social
