Chapter 3 Practice, Feedback and psychological skills Flashcards
What is the primary goal of practice in skill development?
To refine movement skills through structured and strategic repetition.
Define part practice.
Learning smaller parts of a skill in isolation before combining them.
When is whole practice preferred over part practice?
When the learner is proficient and the skill is relatively simple.
Define massed practice.
A practice method with longer sessions and minimal rest periods.
What is the main drawback of massed practice?
It can lead to physical and mental fatigue, reducing learning effectiveness.
What is distributed practice?
Shorter practice sessions with frequent rest periods.
Why is distributed practice often preferred for beginners?
It reduces fatigue and improves skill retention.
What is practice variability?
The amount of change and uncertainty in practice conditions.
Define blocked practice.
Repeating the same skill in a predictable sequence.
What is the advantage of random practice over blocked practice?
It improves skill transfer to game situations by increasing unpredictability.
What is intrinsic feedback?
Sensory information the performer receives directly from skill execution.
Define augmented feedback.
Feedback provided by an external source, such as a coach.
What is knowledge of performance (KP)?
Feedback on how a skill was performed, focusing on technique.
Define knowledge of results (KR).
Feedback on the outcome of a performance, such as scoring a goal.
When should feedback be most frequent in the learning process?
During the early stages, to guide skill acquisition.
What is the danger of excessive feedback?
It can lead to dependency on external input instead of self-correction.
What is summary feedback?
Feedback given after a series of attempts, highlighting key trends.
Why is performer-regulated feedback useful for elite athletes?
They can request specific feedback based on their needs.
Define self-confidence in sports.
The belief in one’s ability to successfully perform a skill.
What is choking in sports?
When an athlete fails to perform under pressure due to increased anxiety.
List three ways athletes can build confidence.
- Practice mastery
- Use positive self-talk
- Visualize success
Define motivation in sports.
The internal or external drive to achieve performance goals.
What is the difference between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation?
Intrinsic motivation comes from personal enjoyment, while extrinsic is driven by rewards.
Define goal setting in sports psychology.
Establishing specific objectives to improve performance.
What does the SMARTER acronym in goal setting stand for?
- Specific
- Measurable
- Accepted
- Realistic
- Timeframed
- Exciting
- Recorded
Define arousal in sports.
The level of readiness an athlete experiences before a task.
What does the inverted-U hypothesis suggest?
Optimal performance occurs at a moderate level of arousal.
Give an example of a sport that requires low arousal for peak performance.
Golf putting or archery.
Give an example of a sport that requires high arousal for peak performance.
Sprinting or weightlifting.
Name one technique to increase arousal levels before a competition.
Listening to energetic music or using motivational self-talk.
