Chapter 3 powerpoint Flashcards
how many types of cells are there? What are their names
There are 2 types of cells, Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
What does a Prokaryotic cell contain? What doesnt it contain?
Cell wall and plasma membrane. It doesn’t contain a nucleus but has genetic material within its region, it doesn’t contain internal organelles
What does a Eukaryotic cell contain? what does each property contain
plasma membrane ( surrounds the cell
nucleus (contains genetic material)
cytoplasm (liquid within the cell except for the nucleus)
What is the plasama membrane and the plasma membrane’s function?
Its a bilayer of phospholipids (cholesterol/proteins)
it function is to, decide what type of interstate fluid is allowed to enter the cell.
What is an interstate fluid?
A fluid derived from blood, it also contains amino acids, salt wast, sugars and more.
Describe the structure of a plasma membrane.
It has polar heads that face both the interior and exterior of the water. The tails of the polar heads are in the midst of the membrane. The overall structure of the membrane is dependent on the proteins, within the membrane.
How many transport processes are there? What source of energy do they rely on?
Two,
Active trasnport relies on energy from the cell.
Passive transport doesnt rely on energy from the cell instead it relies on diffusion and kinetic energy.
Substances using passive transport move from what areas?
Move from areas of higher concentration to lower concentration levels.
What are the different processes within active transport and passive transport?
Active transport: endocytosis, exocytosis,
Passive transport: Facilitated Diffusion, Osmosis, and Diffusion.
Osmosis
Diffusion of a solvent through a slectively permable membrane
What are the three forms of passive transport Describe them.
Diffusion through a bilayer, it goes straight through the plasma membrane. Diffusion through channels, small molecules go through protein channels.
Diffusion through bilayers and channels have uncontrolled rates.
Facilitated transport is when small molecules bind to proteins, changing it shape and passing through it. It’s rate is uncontrolled.
Describe Secondary and Primary Transport
Primary Transport energy is from the breakdown of ATP or hydrolysis
Secondary Transport energy is from stored ionic gradients.
Describe the nucleus
Its controls the cell, and genome information
Describe the ribosomes
created by proteins and RNA,Freely placed within the cytoplasm, and produce soluble proteins.
Describe the Endoplasmic Reticulums.
The Rough ER helps makeup the plasma membrane, it also produces proteins that will leave the cell via secretion.
The Smooth ER is a continuation of the Rough ER, it has catalyzed reactions. They do not play a role in protein synthesis
