Chapter 3 Physiology and Histology of the Skin Flashcards
Why is UVB radiation also known as burning rays?
UVB wavelengths cause cancer as well as burning of the skin
What is not an element of the skin’s acid mantle?
Blood
What causes injured skin to restore itself to its normal thickness?
Hyperproduction of cells
Histology is also known as _________.
Microscopic anatomy
Which of the following is not a characteristic of healthy skin?
Slightly rough
What are most abundant in the fingertips, as opposed to other parts of the body?
Sensory nerve fibers
What is the average internal temp of the body in degrees Fahrenheit?
98.6
Why does the body perspire?
To protect us from overheating
What are follicles?
Tubelike openings in the epidermis
What is glycation?
The binding of a protein molecule to a glucose molecule.
What are hair papillae?
Cone-shaped elevations at the base of the follicle
Where in the body is hyaluronic acid found?
Skin
What is hydrolipidic film?
Oil-water balance that protects the skin’s surface
What is the acid mantle?
Protective layer of lipids and secretions on the skin’s surface
Where in the body are the coiled structures known as apocrine glands found?
Underarm and genital areas
What is the result of the contraction of the arrector pili muscle?
Goosebumps
What are ceramides?
Glycolipid materials
What is collagen?
Fibrous tissue made from protein
What are corneocytes?
Hardened keratinocytes
What are membranes of ridges and grooves that attach to the epidermis?
Dermal papillae
How fast does hair grow?
Six inches per year
What is oil that provides protection for the epidermis from external factors and that lubricates both the skin and hair?
Sebum
What is the formal name for the horny layer?
Stratum corneum
What is the technical term for the nail?
Onyx
What is true of the stratum corneum?
It is the outermost layer of the skin
What happens in the stratum germinativum?
Cells divide
What happens in the stratum granulosum?
Keratin is produced
What part of the skin provides a protective cushion and energy storage for the body?
Subcutaneous layer
What are the glands that excrete perspiration, regulate body temperature, and detoxify the body?
Sudoriferous
What is telangiectasia?
Aging
What causes transepidermal water loss?
Evaporation
What is the dermis?
Support layer below the epidermis
Which nerves react to heat, cold, pain, pressure, and touch?
Sensory
What protein fiber is found in the dermis and gives skin its flexibility and firmness?
Elastin
What hormone stimulates cells to reproduce and heal?
Epidermal growth factor (EGF)
What is true of the epidermis?
It is the outermost layer of the skin
What comprises about 50 to 70 percent of the skin?
Water
What causes the body to produce its own vitamin D?
Exposure to the sun
What is not one of the six primary functions of the skin?
Reflection
When do free radicals produce more free radicals?
While causing oxidation reactions
What function do the sudoriferous glands perform?
Excrete perspiration. regulate body temp, and detoxify the body
Eccrine glands are ________.
Sweat glands
___________ are basic material and building blocks of the body’s tissues.
Proteins
What are sweat glands that are found all over the body with openings on the skin’s surface through pores and that are not attached to hair follicles?
Eccrine
What function do sebaceous glands perform?
Protect the surface of the skin
Estheticians who specialize in the health and beauty of skin are sometimes referred to as
Technicians
Estheticians should be able to interpret the effects of these factors that influences skin heath and appearance?
Hormones, nutrition, and ultraviolet damage
What is an esthetician’s primary focus?
Preserve the skin, protect the skin, and nourish the skin
What does scar tissue lack?
Hair and sweat glands
What percentage of hard B-keratin does hair contain?
90 percent
How is B-keratin different from A-keratin?
It has lower moisture and fat than A-keratin.
If a person has a purple or bluish tone under their fingertips, then they most likely have this condition
Telangiectasia
Which nerves convey impulses from the brain or spinal cord to the muscles or glands?
Sensory
