Chapter 2 Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards
How much blood does the human body contain?
8 to 10 pints
What is a nutritive fluid flowing through the circulatory system?
Blood
What are platelets?
Blood components that contribute to the blood clotting process.
What is the study of tiny structures found in living tissues?
Histology
What is one reason estheticians should study body systems, organs, and tissues?
To understand the effect that services have on the body
What is protoplasm?
Substance of which the cells of all living things are composed.
What is the process of cell reproduction called?
Mitosis
What is the sternum?
Flat bone that forms the ventral support of the ribs
What is the fluid part of the blood that carries food and secretions to the cells and carbon dioxide from the cells?
Plasma
What is true of the origin part of a muscle?
It is attached to the skeleton
What are the structures composed of specialized tissues and performing specific functions?
Organs
Why does the parathyroid gland regulate blood calcium and phosphorous levels?
So the nervous and muscular system can function properly.
What is true of the pituitary gland?
It is the most complex organ of the endocrine system
What organ in the endocrine systems secrets enzyme-producing cells that are responsible for digesting carbohydrates, proteins, and fats?
Pancreas
What are the secretions that the endocrine glands release directly into the bloodstream and that influence the welfare of the entire body?
Hormones
What is the primary function of the respiratory system?
Breathing
What is the primary function of the lymphatic/immune system?
Protecting the body from disease
What is the primary function of the skeletal system?
Providing the physical foundation of the body
What is the primary function of the circulatory system?
Moving blood through the body
What is covered, shaped, and supported by the muscular system?
Skeletal tissue
What body system is responsible for changing food into nutrients and waste?
Digestive
What is the primary function of the excretory system?
Purifying the blood by elimination of waste matter
What is the primary function of the reproductive system?
Perpetuating the human race
What is the body system that controls and coordinates all other body systems?
Nervous
What is a connection between two or more bones of the skeleton?
Joint
What body system serves as a protective covering for the body?
Integumentary
Connective, epithelial, muscle, and nerve are types of what found in the body?
Tissue
What bone forms the back of the skull above the nape?
Occipital
What are valves?
Structures that close a passage or permit flow in one direction only
How many identical daughter cells are formed when a cell divides during mitosis?
Two
What body system affects growth, development, sexual activities, and health of the body?
Endocrine
Where in the body does the spinal cord originate?
Brain
What are glands?
Specialized organs that remove and convert elements from the blood
What is the importance of lymph?
To disperse white blood cells and cell nutrients
What binds the tissues of the body together?
Connective tissue
What carries messages to and from the brain and controls and coordinates all body functions?
Nerve tissue
What organ circulates the blood?
Heart
What do the kidneys do?
Excrete water and waste products.
As one of the major body organs the brain has the function of ______
Supplying oxygen to the blood.
What is defecation?
Eliminating waste from the body
Which body system controls and coordinates all bodily functions?
Nervous
Which body system regulates temperature and produces vitamin D?
Integumentary
Which body system protects the body from disease by developing resistances and destroying disease-causing toxins?
Immune/lymphatic
Which body system eliminates carbon dioxide as a waste product?
Respiratory
The kidneys and bladder are part of this system
Excretory
Which type of muscle will estheticians work with?
Skeletal
Which part of the muscle flexes but remains stationary?
Origin
Which muscle draws the scalp backward?
Occipitalis
Which muscle causes wrinkles in the forehead?
Frontalis
This muscle closes the eyes
Orbicularis oculi
Which thin, flat muscle between the upper and lower jaws compresses the cheeks and expels between the lips?
Buccinator
This muscle pulls down the corners of the mouth.
Triangularis
If you want to pucker up, you need to use the ______ muscle.
Orbicularis oris
You use this muscle to smile, but not grin.
Levator anguli oris
This muscle is used to grin.
Risorius
Which of these muscles are used in chewing?
Masseter and temporalis
What are the three muscles of the ear called?
Auricularis muscles
When you turn your head, you are using the ______ muscle.
sternocleidomastoid
Which large, flat, triangular muscle covers the lower back?
Latissimus dorsi
When you show someone your muscles on your arm, you are most likely showing them your ______.
Biceps
Which movement separates the fingers?
Adduction
When you bend forward, which muscle movement are you using?
Flexion
This movement is used to rotate the muscles.
Supination
How does massage help the muscles of the hand?
Maintains pliability
Why is it important as an esthetician to know about the muscles of the forearm?
To maintain good body mechanics
