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Esthetics > Chapter 2 Anatomy and Physiology > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

How much blood does the human body contain?

A

8 to 10 pints

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2
Q

What is a nutritive fluid flowing through the circulatory system?

A

Blood

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3
Q

What are platelets?

A

Blood components that contribute to the blood clotting process.

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4
Q

What is the study of tiny structures found in living tissues?

A

Histology

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5
Q

What is one reason estheticians should study body systems, organs, and tissues?

A

To understand the effect that services have on the body

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6
Q

What is protoplasm?

A

Substance of which the cells of all living things are composed.

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7
Q

What is the process of cell reproduction called?

A

Mitosis

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8
Q

What is the sternum?

A

Flat bone that forms the ventral support of the ribs

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9
Q

What is the fluid part of the blood that carries food and secretions to the cells and carbon dioxide from the cells?

A

Plasma

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10
Q

What is true of the origin part of a muscle?

A

It is attached to the skeleton

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11
Q

What are the structures composed of specialized tissues and performing specific functions?

A

Organs

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12
Q

Why does the parathyroid gland regulate blood calcium and phosphorous levels?

A

So the nervous and muscular system can function properly.

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13
Q

What is true of the pituitary gland?

A

It is the most complex organ of the endocrine system

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14
Q

What organ in the endocrine systems secrets enzyme-producing cells that are responsible for digesting carbohydrates, proteins, and fats?

A

Pancreas

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15
Q

What are the secretions that the endocrine glands release directly into the bloodstream and that influence the welfare of the entire body?

A

Hormones

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16
Q

What is the primary function of the respiratory system?

A

Breathing

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17
Q

What is the primary function of the lymphatic/immune system?

A

Protecting the body from disease

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18
Q

What is the primary function of the skeletal system?

A

Providing the physical foundation of the body

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19
Q

What is the primary function of the circulatory system?

A

Moving blood through the body

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20
Q

What is covered, shaped, and supported by the muscular system?

A

Skeletal tissue

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21
Q

What body system is responsible for changing food into nutrients and waste?

A

Digestive

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22
Q

What is the primary function of the excretory system?

A

Purifying the blood by elimination of waste matter

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23
Q

What is the primary function of the reproductive system?

A

Perpetuating the human race

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24
Q

What is the body system that controls and coordinates all other body systems?

A

Nervous

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25
Q

What is a connection between two or more bones of the skeleton?

A

Joint

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26
Q

What body system serves as a protective covering for the body?

A

Integumentary

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27
Q

Connective, epithelial, muscle, and nerve are types of what found in the body?

A

Tissue

28
Q

What bone forms the back of the skull above the nape?

A

Occipital

29
Q

What are valves?

A

Structures that close a passage or permit flow in one direction only

30
Q

How many identical daughter cells are formed when a cell divides during mitosis?

A

Two

31
Q

What body system affects growth, development, sexual activities, and health of the body?

A

Endocrine

32
Q

Where in the body does the spinal cord originate?

A

Brain

33
Q

What are glands?

A

Specialized organs that remove and convert elements from the blood

34
Q

What is the importance of lymph?

A

To disperse white blood cells and cell nutrients

35
Q

What binds the tissues of the body together?

A

Connective tissue

36
Q

What carries messages to and from the brain and controls and coordinates all body functions?

A

Nerve tissue

37
Q

What organ circulates the blood?

A

Heart

38
Q

What do the kidneys do?

A

Excrete water and waste products.

39
Q

As one of the major body organs the brain has the function of ______

A

Supplying oxygen to the blood.

40
Q

What is defecation?

A

Eliminating waste from the body

41
Q

Which body system controls and coordinates all bodily functions?

A

Nervous

42
Q

Which body system regulates temperature and produces vitamin D?

A

Integumentary

43
Q

Which body system protects the body from disease by developing resistances and destroying disease-causing toxins?

A

Immune/lymphatic

44
Q

Which body system eliminates carbon dioxide as a waste product?

A

Respiratory

45
Q

The kidneys and bladder are part of this system

A

Excretory

46
Q

Which type of muscle will estheticians work with?

A

Skeletal

47
Q

Which part of the muscle flexes but remains stationary?

A

Origin

48
Q

Which muscle draws the scalp backward?

A

Occipitalis

49
Q

Which muscle causes wrinkles in the forehead?

A

Frontalis

50
Q

This muscle closes the eyes

A

Orbicularis oculi

51
Q

Which thin, flat muscle between the upper and lower jaws compresses the cheeks and expels between the lips?

A

Buccinator

52
Q

This muscle pulls down the corners of the mouth.

A

Triangularis

53
Q

If you want to pucker up, you need to use the ______ muscle.

A

Orbicularis oris

54
Q

You use this muscle to smile, but not grin.

A

Levator anguli oris

55
Q

This muscle is used to grin.

A

Risorius

56
Q

Which of these muscles are used in chewing?

A

Masseter and temporalis

57
Q

What are the three muscles of the ear called?

A

Auricularis muscles

58
Q

When you turn your head, you are using the ______ muscle.

A

sternocleidomastoid

59
Q

Which large, flat, triangular muscle covers the lower back?

A

Latissimus dorsi

60
Q

When you show someone your muscles on your arm, you are most likely showing them your ______.

A

Biceps

61
Q

Which movement separates the fingers?

A

Adduction

62
Q

When you bend forward, which muscle movement are you using?

A

Flexion

63
Q

This movement is used to rotate the muscles.

A

Supination

64
Q

How does massage help the muscles of the hand?

A

Maintains pliability

65
Q

Why is it important as an esthetician to know about the muscles of the forearm?

A

To maintain good body mechanics

Esthetics (14 decks)

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