Chapter 3 Physical Science Vocab

Question 1

Solid

Answer 1

Solids have definite shapes and volume.

Question 2

Liquid

Answer 2

Liquids do not have a fixed shape, but have a fixed volume.

Question 3

Gas

Answer 3

Gases do not have a fixed shape or volume. They are free to spread out.

Question 4

Plasma

Answer 4

Plasma is a state of matter, that starts as a gas, then becomes ionized.

Question 5

Energy

Answer 5

Energy is the ability to do work.

Question 6

Thermal energy

Answer 6

Thermal energy is all of the kinetic energy of a substance.

Question 7

Evaporation

Answer 7

Evaporation is when a substance changes from a liquid to a gas.

Question 8

Sublimation

Answer 8

Sublimation is when a solid changes directly to a gas.

Question 9

Condensation

Answer 9

Condensation is when a gas changes to a liquid

Question 10

Crystalline solid

Answer 10

Crystalline solids have an orderly arrangement of atoms or molecules.

Question 11

Amorphous solids

Answer 11

Amorphous solids are composed of atoms or molecules in no particular order.

Question 12

Surface tension

Answer 12

Surface tension is the force acting on the particles at the surface of a liquid that causes liquids to from spherical drops.

Question 13

Kinetic energy

Answer 13

Kinetic energy is the energy of motion.

Question 14

Heat

Answer 14

Heat causes the temperature of a substance to change.

Question 15

Endothermic change

Answer 15

A endothermic change is when changes require energy.

Question 16

Exothermic change

Answer 16

Exothermic change is when energy is released from a substance as it changes state.

Question 17

Fluid

Answer 17

A fluid is a nonsolid state of matter in which the atoms or molecules are free to move past each other.

Question 18

Buoyant force

Answer 18

Buoyant force is the upward force exerted on an object immersed in or floating on a fluid.

Question 19

Pressure

Answer 19

The amount of force exerted per unit area of a surface.

Question 20

Archimedes’ principle

Answer 20

Archimedes’ principle states that the buoyant force on an object in a fluid is an upward force equal to the weight of the volume of fluid that the object displaces.

Question 21

Pascal

Answer 21

Pascal exerts a pressure of equal intensity in all directions.

Question 22

Pascal’s principle

Answer 22

Pascal’s principle states that a change in pressure at any point in an enclosed fluid will be transmitted equally to all parts of the fluid.

Question 23

Viscosity

Answer 23

Viscosity is a liquid’s resistance to flow

Question 24

Boyle’s law

Answer 24

Boyle’s law states that for a fixed amount of gas at a constant temperature, the volume of gas increases as its pressure decreases. Likewise, the volume of a gas decreases as its pressure increases.

Question 25

Charles’s law

Answer 25

Charles’s law states that for a fixed amount of gas at a constant pressure, the volume of the gas increases as its temperature decreases. Likewise, the volume of a gas decreases as its temperature increases.

Question 26

Gay-Lussac’s law

Answer 26

Gay-Lussac’s