Chapter 3 Physical Science Vocab Flashcards
Solid
Solids have definite shapes and volume.
Liquid
Liquids do not have a fixed shape, but have a fixed volume.
Gas
Gases do not have a fixed shape or volume. They are free to spread out.
Plasma
Plasma is a state of matter, that starts as a gas, then becomes ionized.
Energy
Energy is the ability to do work.
Thermal energy
Thermal energy is all of the kinetic energy of a substance.
Evaporation
Evaporation is when a substance changes from a liquid to a gas.
Sublimation
Sublimation is when a solid changes directly to a gas.
Condensation
Condensation is when a gas changes to a liquid
Crystalline solid
Crystalline solids have an orderly arrangement of atoms or molecules.
Amorphous solids
Amorphous solids are composed of atoms or molecules in no particular order.
Surface tension
Surface tension is the force acting on the particles at the surface of a liquid that causes liquids to from spherical drops.
Kinetic energy
Kinetic energy is the energy of motion.
Heat
Heat causes the temperature of a substance to change.
Endothermic change
A endothermic change is when changes require energy.
Exothermic change
Exothermic change is when energy is released from a substance as it changes state.
Fluid
A fluid is a nonsolid state of matter in which the atoms or molecules are free to move past each other.
Buoyant force
Buoyant force is the upward force exerted on an object immersed in or floating on a fluid.
Pressure
The amount of force exerted per unit area of a surface.
Archimedes’ principle
Archimedes’ principle states that the buoyant force on an object in a fluid is an upward force equal to the weight of the volume of fluid that the object displaces.
Pascal
Pascal exerts a pressure of equal intensity in all directions.
Pascal’s principle
Pascal’s principle states that a change in pressure at any point in an enclosed fluid will be transmitted equally to all parts of the fluid.
Viscosity
Viscosity is a liquid’s resistance to flow
Boyle’s law
Boyle’s law states that for a fixed amount of gas at a constant temperature, the volume of gas increases as its pressure decreases. Likewise, the volume of a gas decreases as its pressure increases.
Charles’s law
Charles’s law states that for a fixed amount of gas at a constant pressure, the volume of the gas increases as its temperature decreases. Likewise, the volume of a gas decreases as its temperature increases.
Gay-Lussac’s law
Gay-Lussac’s
