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Psychology and Daily Life > Chapter 3: Personality & the Self > Flashcards

Chapter 3: Personality & the Self Flashcards

Meaning of personality Factors affecting personality Theories of personality Meaning of self Self-Awareness Self-acceptance Self-esteem Self-expression

1
Q

Define Personality.

A

A combination of characteristics or qualities that form an individuals distinctive character

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2
Q

What are the two types of personality?

A

External and Internal

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3
Q

What are the two factors affecting personality?

A

Innate Potential

Environment and Learning

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4
Q

What shapes personality?

A

experiences

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5
Q

What 2 things cause people to have similar personalities?

A

Shared cultural experiences

Specific Experiences

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6
Q

What are 3 theories of personalities and 1 concept?

A
  1. Sigmund Freud’s Psychoanalytic Theory
  2. Carl Gustav Jung’s Personality theory
  3. Erik H. Erikson’s Neo-freudian Analysis
  4. Virginia Satir’s Personality Types
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7
Q

Who popularized the psychoanalytic personality theory?

A

Sigmund Freud

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8
Q

What are the 2 instincts that Freud believed all humans have from birth?

A 
Life Instinct (Eros)
Death Instinct (Thanatos)
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9
Q

According to Freud’s psychoanalytic theory, how many instincts do we have?

A

2

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10
Q

What are the 3 parts of Freud’s psychoanalytic personality structure?

A

Id
Ego
Superego

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11
Q

Which division of the mind is the id?

A

the first

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12
Q

The id operates according to what principle?

A

pleasure principle

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13
Q

What is the Id’s goal

A

to pursue pleasure and satisfy the biological drives.

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14
Q

What are the 2 biological drives of the id?

A

sex and aggression

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15
Q

What does the id satisfy?

A

Satisfies drives and avoids pain without concern for moral restrictions or society’s regulations

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16
Q

What is the 2nd division of the mind according to Sigmund Freud?

A

ego

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17
Q

What two things does the ego negotiate between?

A

id and superego

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18
Q

What is the ego’s goal?

A

to find safe and socially acceptable ways to satisfying the Id’s desires and to negotiate between the Id’s wants and the Superego’s prohibitions

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19
Q

Is the ego conscious or subconscious?

A

It is largely conscious but a small portion is subconscious

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20
Q

The ego operates according to what principle?

A

reality principle

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21
Q

What does the ego satisfy?

A

Satisfies wishes or desires only if there is a socially acceptable outlet available.

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22
Q

What is the 3d division of the mind according to Freud’s psychoanalytic theory?

A

Superego

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23
Q

When does the superego develop?

A

during early childhood.

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24
Q

What is the superego’s goal?

A

to apply the moral values and standards of parents and society in satisfying one’s wishes; a regulator

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25
Q

What does the superego internalize?

A

moral standards of which we are aware and unaware of

26
Q

According to Freud’s Psychoanalytic personality theory, when is a person psychologically healthy?

A

when all three parts are working collaboratively.

27
Q

List the development stages of Freud’s psychoanalytic theory?

A 
Oral
Anal
Phallic
Latency
Genital
28
Q

What ages does the oral stage span?

A

0 to 1.5 years

29
Q

Too much or too little gratification of a desire in the psychoanalytical stages may lead to ________.

A

fixation

30
Q

Fixation in the oral stage results in what when the child grows older?

A

oral activities like overeating, gum chewing, smoking,

be demanding, mouthing off

31
Q

What ages does the Anal stage span?

A

1.5 to 3 years

32
Q

If fixated in the anal stage, a child will behave how when they grow up?

A

retention– neat, stingy, rigid

elimination – generous or messy

33
Q

What ages does the Phallic stage span?

A

3 to 6 years

34
Q

The phallic stage comprises of _______.

A

exploration and discovery of difference between girls and boys.

35
Q

Competing with the parent of the same gender for the parent of the opposite genders affection is known as _______.

A

Oedipus complex for boys

Electra complex for girls

36
Q

What ages does the Latency stage span?

A

6-12

37
Q

What happens during the Latency stage?

A

energy is focused on school, friends, hobbies; any problems in this stage result in un-resolution of the previous stage

38
Q

What ages does the Genital stage comprise?

A

12-Adult

39
Q

What happens in the genital stage?

A

process-thinking is used to gratify desire symbolically and intellectually by means of friendships, love relationship, family and adult responsibilities

40
Q

Who popularized the Personality Theory?

A

Carl Gustav Jung

41
Q

Name the psychiatrist and psychotherapist who founded analytical psychology.

A

Carl Gustav Jung

42
Q

How did Jung view Freud’s psychoanalytical theory?

A

as incomplete and unnecessarily negative

43
Q

Jung proposed and developed what personality theories?

A

extraverted and introverted personality

44
Q

What is a popular instrument to determine your personality derived from Jung’s theories?

A

Myers-Briggs Type Indicator

45
Q

Describe Extraverts

A

Enjoy human interactions
Are enthusiastic, talkative, assertive
Are energized and thrive off being around people
Take pleasure in activities that involve large social gatherings

46
Q

Describe Introverts

A

Enjoy being wholly or predominately concerned with and interested in mental life
like spending time alone, might enjoy interactions with close friends
prefer concentrating on a single activity
like observing situations before participating

47
Q

Describe Ambiverts

A

trails include qualities of both introversion and extroversion
moderately comfortable with groups and social interaction, but also relishes time alone

48
Q

Who popularized neo-Freudian Analysis?

A

Erik H. Eriksons

49
Q

What was Erik H. Eriksons known for?

A

developmental psychologist and psychoanalyst known for his theory on psychosocial development

50
Q

What did Erik. H. Eriksons teach?

A

Optimal virtue surfaces when one holds 2 extremes in a life-stage challenge that are understood and accepted as required and useful.

51
Q

What are Erikson’s 8 psychosocial stages?

A 
Trust vs. Mistrust
Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
Initiation vs. Guilt
Industry vs. Inferiority
Identity vs. Role confusion
Intimacy vs. Isolation
Generatively vs Stagnation
Integrity vs. Despair
52
Q

Explain the Trust vs Mistrust psychosocial stage.

A

early infancy through first year

learn to trust or mistrust depending on if parent responsive or neglectful of the child’s needs.

53
Q

Explain the Autonomy vs. Shame and doubt stage.

A

1 to 3 years
battle of wills between parent’s wishes and child’s desires to do as he pleases
encouragement— autonomy
disapproval — shame

54
Q

Explain the Initiation vs. Guilt stage.

A

3 to 5 years
child develops social skills to meet challenges
initiative – initiation
discourage– guilty and uncomfortable or feel unable to plan the future

55
Q

Explain the Industry vs. Inferiority stage.

A

5 to 12 years
directs energy into working and completing tasks
develops feeling of industry
If difficulty in this stage, child develops feeling of inferiority and incompetence

56
Q

Explain the Identity vs. Role Confusion stage.

A

12-20 years
directs energy to developing more purposeful, planned, and responsible behaviors of adulthood
if successful in this stage, confidence and positive identity develops
if unsuccessful, confusion results and results in low self-esteem and socially withdrawn

57
Q

Explain the Intimacy vs. Isolation stage

A

20 to 40 years
young adulthood is a time for finding intimacy by developing loving and meaningful relationships
without it, we have a painful feeling isolation, and our relationships will be impersonal.

58
Q

Explain the Generativity vs. Stagnation stage.

A

middle adulthood (40-65)
time for helping the younger generation develop worthwhile lives
positive: achieve generativity by raising kids and mentoring at work
negative: lack of involvement leads to feelings of stagnation, or unable to help the younger generation

59
Q

Explain the Integrity vs. Despair

A

late adulthood (65 and older)
time for reflecting on and reviewing how we met challenges
positive: If we are content with what we accomplished, we will be satisfied and have integrity
negative: if we aren’t content, we will feel regret and despair

60
Q

Who developed Personality Categories?

A

Virgina Satir

61
Q

Who was Virginia Satir?

A

an American author and psychotherapist known for approach to family therapy and work with family reconstruction

62
Q

Who is the Mother of Family Therapy?

A

Virginia Satir

Psychology and Daily Life (3 decks)

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