Chapter 3: Personality & the Self Flashcards
Meaning of personality Factors affecting personality Theories of personality Meaning of self Self-Awareness Self-acceptance Self-esteem Self-expression
Define Personality.
A combination of characteristics or qualities that form an individuals distinctive character
What are the two types of personality?
External and Internal
What are the two factors affecting personality?
Innate Potential
Environment and Learning
What shapes personality?
experiences
What 2 things cause people to have similar personalities?
Shared cultural experiences
Specific Experiences
What are 3 theories of personalities and 1 concept?
- Sigmund Freud’s Psychoanalytic Theory
- Carl Gustav Jung’s Personality theory
- Erik H. Erikson’s Neo-freudian Analysis
- Virginia Satir’s Personality Types
Who popularized the psychoanalytic personality theory?
Sigmund Freud
What are the 2 instincts that Freud believed all humans have from birth?
Life Instinct (Eros) Death Instinct (Thanatos)
According to Freud’s psychoanalytic theory, how many instincts do we have?
2
What are the 3 parts of Freud’s psychoanalytic personality structure?
Id
Ego
Superego
Which division of the mind is the id?
the first
The id operates according to what principle?
pleasure principle
What is the Id’s goal
to pursue pleasure and satisfy the biological drives.
What are the 2 biological drives of the id?
sex and aggression
What does the id satisfy?
Satisfies drives and avoids pain without concern for moral restrictions or society’s regulations
What is the 2nd division of the mind according to Sigmund Freud?
ego
What two things does the ego negotiate between?
id and superego
What is the ego’s goal?
to find safe and socially acceptable ways to satisfying the Id’s desires and to negotiate between the Id’s wants and the Superego’s prohibitions
Is the ego conscious or subconscious?
It is largely conscious but a small portion is subconscious
The ego operates according to what principle?
reality principle
What does the ego satisfy?
Satisfies wishes or desires only if there is a socially acceptable outlet available.
What is the 3d division of the mind according to Freud’s psychoanalytic theory?
Superego
When does the superego develop?
during early childhood.
What is the superego’s goal?
to apply the moral values and standards of parents and society in satisfying one’s wishes; a regulator
What does the superego internalize?
moral standards of which we are aware and unaware of
According to Freud’s Psychoanalytic personality theory, when is a person psychologically healthy?
when all three parts are working collaboratively.
List the development stages of Freud’s psychoanalytic theory?
Oral Anal Phallic Latency Genital
What ages does the oral stage span?
0 to 1.5 years
Too much or too little gratification of a desire in the psychoanalytical stages may lead to ________.
fixation
Fixation in the oral stage results in what when the child grows older?
oral activities like overeating, gum chewing, smoking,
be demanding, mouthing off
What ages does the Anal stage span?
1.5 to 3 years
If fixated in the anal stage, a child will behave how when they grow up?
retention– neat, stingy, rigid
elimination – generous or messy
What ages does the Phallic stage span?
3 to 6 years
The phallic stage comprises of _______.
exploration and discovery of difference between girls and boys.
Competing with the parent of the same gender for the parent of the opposite genders affection is known as _______.
Oedipus complex for boys
Electra complex for girls
What ages does the Latency stage span?
6-12
What happens during the Latency stage?
energy is focused on school, friends, hobbies; any problems in this stage result in un-resolution of the previous stage
What ages does the Genital stage comprise?
12-Adult
What happens in the genital stage?
process-thinking is used to gratify desire symbolically and intellectually by means of friendships, love relationship, family and adult responsibilities
Who popularized the Personality Theory?
Carl Gustav Jung
Name the psychiatrist and psychotherapist who founded analytical psychology.
Carl Gustav Jung
How did Jung view Freud’s psychoanalytical theory?
as incomplete and unnecessarily negative
Jung proposed and developed what personality theories?
extraverted and introverted personality
What is a popular instrument to determine your personality derived from Jung’s theories?
Myers-Briggs Type Indicator
Describe Extraverts
Enjoy human interactions
Are enthusiastic, talkative, assertive
Are energized and thrive off being around people
Take pleasure in activities that involve large social gatherings
Describe Introverts
Enjoy being wholly or predominately concerned with and interested in mental life
like spending time alone, might enjoy interactions with close friends
prefer concentrating on a single activity
like observing situations before participating
Describe Ambiverts
trails include qualities of both introversion and extroversion
moderately comfortable with groups and social interaction, but also relishes time alone
Who popularized neo-Freudian Analysis?
Erik H. Eriksons
What was Erik H. Eriksons known for?
developmental psychologist and psychoanalyst known for his theory on psychosocial development
What did Erik. H. Eriksons teach?
Optimal virtue surfaces when one holds 2 extremes in a life-stage challenge that are understood and accepted as required and useful.
What are Erikson’s 8 psychosocial stages?
Trust vs. Mistrust Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt Initiation vs. Guilt Industry vs. Inferiority Identity vs. Role confusion Intimacy vs. Isolation Generatively vs Stagnation Integrity vs. Despair
Explain the Trust vs Mistrust psychosocial stage.
early infancy through first year
learn to trust or mistrust depending on if parent responsive or neglectful of the child’s needs.
Explain the Autonomy vs. Shame and doubt stage.
1 to 3 years
battle of wills between parent’s wishes and child’s desires to do as he pleases
encouragement— autonomy
disapproval — shame
Explain the Initiation vs. Guilt stage.
3 to 5 years
child develops social skills to meet challenges
initiative – initiation
discourage– guilty and uncomfortable or feel unable to plan the future
Explain the Industry vs. Inferiority stage.
5 to 12 years
directs energy into working and completing tasks
develops feeling of industry
If difficulty in this stage, child develops feeling of inferiority and incompetence
Explain the Identity vs. Role Confusion stage.
12-20 years
directs energy to developing more purposeful, planned, and responsible behaviors of adulthood
if successful in this stage, confidence and positive identity develops
if unsuccessful, confusion results and results in low self-esteem and socially withdrawn
Explain the Intimacy vs. Isolation stage
20 to 40 years
young adulthood is a time for finding intimacy by developing loving and meaningful relationships
without it, we have a painful feeling isolation, and our relationships will be impersonal.
Explain the Generativity vs. Stagnation stage.
middle adulthood (40-65)
time for helping the younger generation develop worthwhile lives
positive: achieve generativity by raising kids and mentoring at work
negative: lack of involvement leads to feelings of stagnation, or unable to help the younger generation
Explain the Integrity vs. Despair
late adulthood (65 and older)
time for reflecting on and reviewing how we met challenges
positive: If we are content with what we accomplished, we will be satisfied and have integrity
negative: if we aren’t content, we will feel regret and despair
Who developed Personality Categories?
Virgina Satir
Who was Virginia Satir?
an American author and psychotherapist known for approach to family therapy and work with family reconstruction
Who is the Mother of Family Therapy?
Virginia Satir
