Chapter 3 - Perception Flashcards
Define Perception.
Process of interpreting the messages of our senses to provide order and meaning to the environment.
Give the 3 components of Perception.
Perceiver, target that is being perceived and situational context.
Give 3 things that can influence the perceiver’s Perceptions.
- Experience (different expectations)
- Motivational State (difference in needs)
- Emotional State (perceptual defense)
What is Bruner’s model of perception ?
Perception becomes more selective and the perceptual system begins to paint a constant and consistent picture of the target.
Give the 5 perceptual biases.
- Primacy & Recency Effects
- Reliance on Central Traits
- Implicit Personality Theories
- Projection
- Stereotyping
What is Attribution ?
Process by which causes/motives are assigned to explain other people’s behaviour.
What are Dispositional Attributions ?
Some personality or intellectual characteristics unique to the person is responsible for the behaviour.
What are Situational Attributions ?
The external situation/environment was responsible for the behaviour.
Dispositional or Situational ? Give the cues that help make the choice.
- Consistency Cues (regular=indicative)
- Consensus Cues (out of the norm=indicative)
- Distinctiveness Cues (lack=dispositional)
- Attribution in Action (?)
Give the 3 errors in Attribution.
- Fundamental Attribution Error
- Actor-Observer Effect
- Self-Serving Bias
What is Fundamental Attribution Error ?
Overemphasizing dispositional explanations for behaviour at the expense of situational explanations.
What is Actor-Observer Effect ?
Actors emphasize the situation/observers emphasize dispositions (difference in attibutional perspectives).
What is the Self-Serving Bias ?
The tendency to take credit for successful outcome and to deny responsibility for failures.
