Chapter 3 - Perception Flashcards
what is the inverse projection problem?
how computers aren’t able to discriminate between similar objects or make out blurred/covered objects
what is the term for the ability to recognize objects from different viewpoints?
viewpoint invariance
what is bottom up processing?
processing that starts with sensory receptors and works it’s way to the brain to determine what object is being percieved
what is top down processing?
the brain makes assumptions based on prior experience/expectations and uses sensory information to confirm or deny
what is template matching theory?
comparing a stimulus with a set of templates we have in memory, once it fits a template we can recognize it
what are the elements of the pandemonium model?
- image demons: encode image
- feature demons: look at the features
- cognitive demons: which objects have those features
- decision demons: identify the object
what is the recognition by components theory?
break down objects into geons in order to identify them
what is speech segmentation?
knowing when a word begins and ends based on previous experience and language
what does ambiguous mean?
open to interpretation, more than 2 meanings
what is Helmholtz’s theory of unconscious inference?
we use our knowledge to inform our perceptions, we infer much of what we know about the world
what is the likelihood principle?
we perceive the world in a way that is “most likely” based on past experience
the law of good continuation
lines tend to be seen as following the smoothest path
the law of pragnanz
we tend to interpret information in the easiest way possible
the law of similarity
similar things are grouped together
the law of familiarity
more likely to form groups among meaningful stimuli
law of common fate
things moving in the same direction are likely to be perceived as a group
semantic vs physical regularities?
semantic: the typical meaning of a scene (what is happening)
physical: typical physical properties of the environment
what is a scene scheme?
what belongs in a scene; what a scene should typically look like
what is experience dependent plasticity?
the response properties of neurons is shaped by learning (e.g. the cat raised in horizontal environment experiment)
what type of environment do neurons typically respond best to?
a familiar environment
what is amblyopia?
when one eye turns in a different direction from the other, resulting in poor/no vision in the turned eye
what happens when amblyopia isn’t corrected?
the correct eye will take over the space meant for the other eye in the brain, resulting in a loss of vision
what is the dorsal pathway/ventral pathway?
dorsal: where pathway (parietal)
ventral: what pathway (occipital)
what is brain ablation?
damaging specific areas of the brain and seeing what function has been lost
what are mirror neurons?
fire when doing an activity AND when observing an activity
what is ataxia vs agnosia?
agnosia: can’t identify objects
ataxia: can’t locate objects
what is prosopagnosia?
can’t recognize faces
what is agnosia?
can’t recognize objects
what is akinetopsia?
can’t perceive motion
