CHAPTER 3 - PERCEPTION

Question 1

Perception

Answer 1

Conscious experience that results from stimulation of the senses

Question 2

What does bottom-up processing emphasize?

Answer 2

Emphasizes the importance of the stimulus during pattern recognition.

Information from the stimulus reaches sensory receptors, then triggers pattern recognition.

Combination of simple features allows global recognition.

Question 3

Is bottom up processing… (data driven or concept driven?)

Answer 3

Data driven

Question 4

Is top-down processing… (data driven or concept-driven?)

Answer 4

Concept driven

Question 5

What does top-down processing emphasize?

Answer 5

Emphasizes the influence of higher level conceptual processes on pattern recognition.
Our knowledge of how the world is organized helps identify forms.
We have expectations that make it possible to recognize shapes more quickly (expecting to see a certain shape in a place due to our experience)

Question 6

What are the four approaches to perception?

Answer 6

1. Helmholtz’s unconscious inference
2. Gestalt laws of oganization
3. regularities in the environment
4. Bayesian inference

Question 7

which of the perception approaches is top-down processing? (we use data about the environment, gathered through our past experiences in perceiving, to determine was is out there)

Answer 7

1. Helmholtz’s unconscious inference
2. regularities in the environment
3. Bayesian inference

Question 8

which of the perception approaches is bottom-up processing?

Answer 8

Gestalt laws of organization

Question 9

explain the likelihood principle.

Answer 9

we perceive the objects that are MOST LIKELY to have caused the pattern of stimuli we have received.

Question 10

what does the likelihood principle relate to?

Answer 10

Helmholtz’s unconscious inference theory, in which our perceptions are the result of unconscious assumptions, or inferences, that we make about the environment.

Question 11

what do Gestalt psychologists reject?

Answer 11

They reject the idea that perceptions were formed by “adding up sensations”

Question 12

what is the basic principle of Gestalt psychology?

Answer 12

the whole is different than the sum of its parts.

Question 13

what are examples of principles of perceptual organization?

Answer 13

1. good continuation
2. the principle of simplicity
3. the principle of similarity

Question 14

What is the difference between Helmholtz’s unconscious inference and Gestalt’s principles of organization?

Answer 14

the idea that experience plays only a minor role in perception differs from Helmholtz’s likelihood principle, which proposes that our knowledge of the environment enables us to determine what is most likely to have created the pattern on the retina and also differs from modern perception, which proposes that our experience with the environment is a central component of the process of perception.