Chapter 3 - Pavlovian Conditioning

Question 1

Who was Ivan Pavlov?

What did he do for psychology?

Answer 1

Russian physiologist who discovered experience alters function as well as reflexes

Classical conditioning

Question 2

What is an unconditioned stimulus (US)?

Answer 2

Stimulus that leads to automatic response

Question 3

What is an unconditioned response (UR)?

Answer 3

Automatic response to a stimulus.

Question 4

What is a conditioned response (CR)?

Answer 4

A learned response to a previously conditioned stimulus.

Question 5

What is a conditioned stimulus (CS)?

Answer 5

A stimulus that triggers a learned response

Question 6

What is a neutral stimulus (NS)?

Answer 6

Stimulus that elicits no response (besides attention)

Question 7

What is higher order conditioning?

CS 1, CS 2 = CR

Answer 7

Creating a conditioned response with a conditioned stimulus, then pairing a second conditioned stimulus with the first to elicit same response

Question 8

What is pseudoconditioning?

Answer 8

Where an elicited response appears to be a conditioned response, but is actually sensitization

Question 9

What are some factors that affect pavlovian conditioning?

Answer 9

trace pairing, delayed pairing, simultaneous pairing, bakcward pairing

Question 10

What’s the difference between extinction and forgetting?

Answer 10

extinction is the repeated trials of removing a conditioned stimulus; forgetting is behaviour weakening over time

Question 11

What is resurgence?

Answer 11

Behaviour that was once reinforced coming out when a particular behaviour is extinguished

Question 12

What is behaviour variability?

Answer 12

Changes in behaviour that occur at different moments/spaces

Question 13

What is stimulus substitution theory?

What are some criticisms of this theory?

Answer 13

Due to conditioning, a conditioned stimulus can elicit the same response as an unconditioned stimulus

Though a conditioned stimulus will never elicit a response as strong as an unconditioned stimulus

Question 14

What is the preparatory response theory?

Answer 14

Theory that proposes a conditioned response helps to prepare the organism for the unconditioned stimulus

heroin injection; different in your usual house vs friend’s house

Question 15

What is the difference between unconditional reflexes and conditional reflexes?

Answer 15

Unconditional reflex - inborn, permanent; conditional reflex - aquired through experience, inconsistent

Question 16

What is trace pairing?

Answer 16

Where a conditioned stimulus is presented and ends right before an unconditioned stimulus

tone plays (CS), air blows into eye (US), eye blinks (UR) to create CR

Question 17

What is delay conditioning?

Answer 17

Where conditioned stimulus and unconditioned stimulus are paired (CS continues when US starts)

Question 18

What is simultaneous conditioning?

Answer 18

CS and US happen at the same time

Question 19

What is backward conditioning?

Answer 19

When the US comes before the conditioned/neutral stimulus

Question 20

What is the CS-US contingency?

Answer 20

Degree of predictability of stimulus pairing determines learning

Question 21

What is CS-US contiguity?

Answer 21

Amount of time between CS and US