Chapter 3: Part 2

Question 1

What is inertia defined as?

Answer 1

The tendency for objects to remain at rest or in constant motion, unless acted on by an external force (resistance to change in state of motion)

Question 2

Provide a sporting examples of inertia occurring?

Answer 2

A gymnast performing a handstand applies a force on the floor, but the floor does not move because the force being applied by the gymnast is not greater than the inertia of the Earth

Question 3

Provide an example of friction opposing inertia?

Answer 3

Without friction, a ball would continue to roll at a steady speed along the ground due to inertia

Question 4

What is momentum defined as provide the equation?

Answer 4

A measure of the amount of motion an object has, and its resistance to changing that motion
Momentum (p) = Mass x Velocity

Question 5

What is the correlation between velocity and momentum?

Answer 5

An object that has zero velocity (stationary) will have zero momentum

Question 6

What happens when two objects collide in terms of momentum?

Answer 6

There is a change in momentum in both objects, and the resulting change in momentum will be in the direction of the object of greater momentum, as momentum is conserved

Question 7

How can mass be used to manipulate momentum?

Answer 7

A person of a greater mass will carry a greater momentum then a person of a lower mass if travelling at the same velocity, thus it is advantageous to have greater mass in contact sports such as rugby and AFL

Question 8

What is impulse defined as provide an equation?

Answer 8

The change of momentum in an object

Impulse = Force x Time

Question 9

How does impulse improve performance in shot put?

Answer 9

The rotational (spin) technique increases the time over which the force is applied, which results in a greater impulse and a greater release velocity, allowing the put to be thrown further

Question 10

How is impulse manipulated by cricketers to improve performance?

Answer 10

When catching a cricket ball, a player will use soft hands and move in the direction the ball is travelling, to increase time and decrease the force of the ball. This prevents injuries and increase the likelihood of success when catching the ball.

Question 11

How is impulse manipulated In tennis to improve performance?

Answer 11

Tennis players can hit with more force and with a greater follow through, to increase the time and increase the force, which increases the impulse of the ball, allowing it to have a greater change in momentum

Question 12

What is the equation for conservation of momentum?

Answer 12

Total momentum before collision = Total momentum, after collision

Question 13

What is Newton’s first law defined as?

Answer 13

An object will remain at rest or in constant motion, unless acted upon by an external uxnabalcned net force
(Inertia)

Question 14

What is a sporting example of Newton’s first law?

Answer 14

A ball remains at rest until it is acted on by the external force of a soccer player kicking the ball

Question 15

What is Newton’s second law defined as, and provide the equation?

Answer 15

A force applied to an object will produce a change in motion (acceleration) in the direction of the applied force that is directly proportional to the size of the force and inversely proportional to the mass of the force
Force = Mass x Acceleration

Question 16

How can you maximise acceleration in sports?

Answer 16

Reduce mass or increase force

Question 17

What is Newton’s third law defined as?

Answer 17

For every force, there is an equal and opposite reaction

Action/Reaction

Question 18

What is a sporting example of Newton’s second and third law?

Answer 18

The force of a tennis racquet on a ball is equal in size but opposite in direction to the force applied by the ball on the racquet, thus the ball accelerates at a faster rate than the racquet, because of its lighter mass

Question 19

How is Newton third law applied to ice skating?

Answer 19

An ice skater can apply a greater force into the ground to get an equal and opposite reaction force against themselves from the ground, allowing the skater to spend longer in the air and complete more spins and twists

Question 20

If force remains constant, how will acceleration be affected by mass?

Answer 20

A person with a heavier mass will accelerate at a slower rate than someone with a lighter mass

Question 21

Why do junior cricketers use lighter and smaller bats than professionals?

Answer 21

The lighter bat allows the junior player to produce sufficient acceleration on the bat, so that they can generate the necessary force required to hit the ball further

Question 22

How does Newton’s first law relate to a basketball free throw?

Answer 22

The ball remains in a fixed position at rest until acted on by an external force of the player picking the ball up. Once shot, the ball will remain in constant motion until acted on by the external force of the ring

Question 23

How can a cyclist accelerate away from another cyclist if the net force acting on both cyclists is the same?

Answer 23

The rider accelerating away at a faster speed is of a lighter mass