Chapter 3 Part 1: Brain Functioning Flashcards
Frontal lobe
Conscious thought, damage can result in mood changes, social differences, etc.
The frontal lobes are the most uniquely human of all the brain structures.
Parietal lobe
Plays important roles in integrating sensory information from various senses, and in the manipulation of objects; portions of the parietal lobe are involved with visual-spatial processing.
Temporal lobe
Senses of smell and sound, as well as processing of complex stimuli like faces and scenes.
Occipital lobe
Sense of sight; lesions can produce hallucinations.
Limbic lobe
Emotion and memory
Gurus
Ridge (Crete) on the cerebral cortex. It is generally surrounded by one or more Sulci (depressions or furrows (sillon).
Precentral gyrus
(Frontal lobe) is parallel to and anterior to the central sulcus and extends to the precentral sulcus.
the PRIMARY MOTOR CORTEX,is made of the precentral gyrus. It is involved in the initiation of WILLED VOLUNTARY MOVEMENT and contains many of the cells of origin of the descending motor pathways.
Post central gyrus
(Parietal lobe) is posterior to the central sulcus and lies parallel to it extending posteriorly to the post central sulcus.
It correspond to SOMATOSENSORY CORTEX, involved in the initial processing at the cortical level of TACTILE and PROPRIOCEPTIVE information.
Homunculus (masculine, Latin for “little man”, plural: “homunculi”; from the diminutive of homo)
is a term used, generally, in various fields of study to refer to any representation of a human being.
Currently, in scientific fields, a homunculus may refer to any scale model of the human body that, in some way, illustrates physiological, psychological, or other abstract human characteristics or functions.
What did the neuroscientist named Wilder Penfield figured out about the amount of space the body parts has in the brain?
Each body part has a certain amount of space in the brain.
He just realized how much, and realized that your brain actually contains a map - a mini-you, with all the parts there. The size of the parts is relative to how touch-sensitive they are.
Penfield came up with the first drawing which he called the “homunculus”.
This homunculus visualizes the connection between different body parts and areas in brain hemispheres.
(“Homunculus” means “little man”.)
At the root of
À la base de, à l’origine
By means of
Au moyen de, à travers, via?
Convey
Transmettre, communiquer, transporter
Draw up
Rédiger, faire
Induce
Induire, provoquer.
Launch
Lancer, déclencher
Nonetheless
Cependant, toutefois, pourtant
Auditory signal
Signal auditif
Flow
Flux, circulation
Spinal cord
Moelle épinière
Tingling
Picotement
The amygdalae
The amygdalae (singular: amygdale) are almond-shaped groups of nuclei located deep within the medial temporal lobes of the brain. The amygdala is part of the limbic system, responsible for regulating the emotions. It is most commonly associated with the emotions of fear and anxiety, and its size is positively correlated to the level of aggression in a given species. It is also associated with the emotion of pleasure, though mainly in a negative sense, i.e., the pleasure sometimes inherent in aggression. There are two amygdalae, symmetrically arranged near the center of the brain, just above the hypothalamus. Shown in research to perform a primary role in the processing of memory and emotional reactions, the amygdalae are considered part of the limbic system.
Roles of the amygdalae
They perform primary roles in the formation and storage of memories associated with emotional events.
Research indicates that, during fear conditioning, sensory stimuli reach the basolateral complexes of the amygdalae, where they form associations with memories of the stimuli.
With what is associated poor amygdalite functioning?
It has been associate director with - anxiety
- autisme
- depression
- narcolepsy
- post-traumatic stress disorder
- phobias
- schizophrenia.
What does lesion studies with monkeys shows when amygdalae structure is impaired before 6 months of age?
It shows that individuals have difficulty adapting to social life.
Why individuals who have amygdalite structure lesion have difficulty adapting to social life?
This is because amygdala is necessary not just for experiencing emotions like fear, but also for modeling and quickly recognizing the présence one these emotions in others.
Why is damage amygdala has become associated with the condition of autism or social-blindness?
This is because the amygdala is necessary not just for experiencing emotions like fear, but also for modeling and quickly recognizing the presence of these emotions in others.
In what the amygdala is also involved?
In the modulation of memory consolidation.
One of its roles is to regulate memory consolidation in other brain regions.
Which part of the brain is involved in the production of emotions?
The limbic system
The occipital lobe is to the vision as the parietal lobe is to…..?
Touch
What is a major function of the somatosensory area of the cerebral cortex?
Analysis of body sensations.
What is the brain center for audition?
The Temporal lobe
For what part of the body is there more somatosensory cortex?
For mouth.
Th bodily sensations such as touch, temperature and pressure register in which brain area?
The parietal lobe
Where is the somatosensory area is located?
In the parietal lobes
What is the limbic system responsible for?
The control of hunger, thirst, sex.
What does the functions of the amygdala include?
Helping us react to dangerous stimuli through a quick fear response.
How is the area of the frontal lobe that directs the body’s muscles called?
Motor cortex.
