Chapter 3 Part 1: Brain Functioning

Question 1

Frontal lobe

Answer 1

Conscious thought, damage can result in mood changes, social differences, etc.
The frontal lobes are the most uniquely human of all the brain structures.

Question 2

Parietal lobe

Answer 2

Plays important roles in integrating sensory information from various senses, and in the manipulation of objects; portions of the parietal lobe are involved with visual-spatial processing.

Question 3

Temporal lobe

Answer 3

Senses of smell and sound, as well as processing of complex stimuli like faces and scenes.

Question 4

Occipital lobe

Answer 4

Sense of sight; lesions can produce hallucinations.

Question 5

Limbic lobe

Answer 5

Emotion and memory

Question 6

Gurus

Answer 6

Ridge (Crete) on the cerebral cortex. It is generally surrounded by one or more Sulci (depressions or furrows (sillon).

Question 7

Precentral gyrus

Answer 7

(Frontal lobe) is parallel to and anterior to the central sulcus and extends to the precentral sulcus.
the PRIMARY MOTOR CORTEX,is made of the precentral gyrus. It is involved in the initiation of WILLED VOLUNTARY MOVEMENT and contains many of the cells of origin of the descending motor pathways.

Question 8

Post central gyrus

Answer 8

(Parietal lobe) is posterior to the central sulcus and lies parallel to it extending posteriorly to the post central sulcus.
It correspond to SOMATOSENSORY CORTEX, involved in the initial processing at the cortical level of TACTILE and PROPRIOCEPTIVE information.

Question 9

Homunculus (masculine, Latin for “little man”, plural: “homunculi”; from the diminutive of homo)

Answer 9

is a term used, generally, in various fields of study to refer to any representation of a human being.
Currently, in scientific fields, a homunculus may refer to any scale model of the human body that, in some way, illustrates physiological, psychological, or other abstract human characteristics or functions.

Question 10

What did the neuroscientist named Wilder Penfield figured out about the amount of space the body parts has in the brain?

Answer 10

Each body part has a certain amount of space in the brain.
He just realized how much, and realized that your brain actually contains a map - a mini-you, with all the parts there. The size of the parts is relative to how touch-sensitive they are.
Penfield came up with the first drawing which he called the “homunculus”.

This homunculus visualizes the connection between different body parts and areas in brain hemispheres.
(“Homunculus” means “little man”.)

Question 11

At the root of

Answer 11

À la base de, à l’origine

Question 12

By means of

Answer 12

Au moyen de, à travers, via?

Question 13

Convey

Answer 13

Transmettre, communiquer, transporter

Question 14

Draw up

Answer 14

Rédiger, faire

Question 15

Induce

Answer 15

Induire, provoquer.

Question 16

Launch

Answer 16

Lancer, déclencher

Question 17

Nonetheless

Answer 17

Cependant, toutefois, pourtant

Question 18

Auditory signal

Answer 18

Signal auditif

Question 19

Flow

Answer 19

Flux, circulation

Question 20

Spinal cord

Answer 20

Moelle épinière

Question 21

Tingling

Answer 21

Picotement

Question 22

The amygdalae

Answer 22

The amygdalae (singular: amygdale) are almond-shaped groups of nuclei located deep within the medial temporal lobes of the brain. The amygdala is part of the limbic system, responsible for regulating the emotions. It is most commonly associated with the emotions of fear and anxiety, and its size is positively correlated to the level of aggression in a given species. It is also associated with the emotion of pleasure, though mainly in a negative sense, i.e., the pleasure sometimes inherent in aggression. 
There are two amygdalae, symmetrically arranged near the center of the brain, just above the hypothalamus. Shown in research to perform a primary role in the processing of memory and emotional reactions, the amygdalae are considered part of the limbic system.

Question 23

Roles of the amygdalae

Answer 23

They perform primary roles in the formation and storage of memories associated with emotional events.
Research indicates that, during fear conditioning, sensory stimuli reach the basolateral complexes of the amygdalae, where they form associations with memories of the stimuli.

Question 24

With what is associated poor amygdalite functioning?

Answer 24

It has been associate director with - anxiety

• autisme
• depression
• narcolepsy
• post-traumatic stress disorder
• phobias
• schizophrenia.

Question 25

What does lesion studies with monkeys shows when amygdalae structure is impaired before 6 months of age?

Answer 25

It shows that individuals have difficulty adapting to social life.

Question 26

Why individuals who have amygdalite structure lesion have difficulty adapting to social life?

Answer 26

This is because amygdala is necessary not just for experiencing emotions like fear, but also for modeling and quickly recognizing the présence one these emotions in others.

Question 27

Why is damage amygdala has become associated with the condition of autism or social-blindness?

Answer 27

This is because the amygdala is necessary not just for experiencing emotions like fear, but also for modeling and quickly recognizing the presence of these emotions in others.

Question 28

In what the amygdala is also involved?

Answer 28

In the modulation of memory consolidation.

One of its roles is to regulate memory consolidation in other brain regions.

Question 29

Which part of the brain is involved in the production of emotions?

Answer 29

The limbic system

Question 30

The occipital lobe is to the vision as the parietal lobe is to…..?

Answer 30

Touch

Question 31

What is a major function of the somatosensory area of the cerebral cortex?

Answer 31

Analysis of body sensations.

Question 32

What is the brain center for audition?

Answer 32

The Temporal lobe

Question 33

For what part of the body is there more somatosensory cortex?

Answer 33

For mouth.

Question 34

Th bodily sensations such as touch, temperature and pressure register in which brain area?

Answer 34

The parietal lobe

Question 35

Where is the somatosensory area is located?

Answer 35

In the parietal lobes

Question 36

What is the limbic system responsible for?

Answer 36

The control of hunger, thirst, sex.

Question 37

What does the functions of the amygdala include?

Answer 37

Helping us react to dangerous stimuli through a quick fear response.

Question 38

How is the area of the frontal lobe that directs the body’s muscles called?

Answer 38

Motor cortex.