Chapter 3: Nucleotides, Nucleic Acids, and Genetic Information Flashcards
What are nucleic acids?
Nucleic Acids are biopolymers and polynucleotides—that is, long chainlike molecules composed of a series of nearly identical building blocks called nucleotides.
Nucleic Acids function?
Store genetic info and a variety of other functions
Nucleic acids are made up of monomers called?
Nucleotides
The two kinds of nucleic acids?
DNA and RNA
What is the general structure of a nucleotide?
Ribose or Deoxyribose sugar (5 carbon sugar), Phosphate, and Nitrogenous base
What are the two types of nitrogenous bases and what are the difference between them?
Purine- has double ring
Pyrimidine- single ring
What are the common purines? Pyrimidines?
Purine- Adenine and Guanine
Pyrimidine- Cytosine, Uracil, and Thymine
What is a nitrogenous base?
molecules that contain nitrogen and act as a base. nitrogen combines with C,H, and O to form ring like structure. Called bases because they donate electrons to other molecules and form new molecules.
Where do Purines bond to the sugar?
purines form bonds to the sugar via their N9 atoms to C1 of sugar
Where do Pyrimidines bond to the sugar?
Pyrimidines form bonds with sugar via their N1 atom to sugar’s C1
Bond that links carbs with other structures
glycolic bond
Draw the structure of a nucleotide
what are the two pentoses?
-In ribonucleotides the pentose is Ribose –In deoxyribonucleotides the pentose is deoxyribose
Difference between ribose and deoxyribose?
At C2,
-ribose has hydroxide atom, less stable
-deoxyribose has hydrogen atom, more stable cause one less functional group
What is a phosphate?
Has 4 oxygen atoms bonded to a phosphorous atom.
Has a negative charge
holds atp
Phosphate is present in?
ATP
(triphosphate)
energy carrying molecule of the body
How does phosphate attach to Sugar?
-In ribonucleotide, Phosphate bonds to C5 of sugar
-In deoxyribonucleotide, Phosphate bonds to C3 of sugar
nucleoside means
no phosphate present
chain of nucleotides
polynucleotides which are either DNA or RNA
How do polynucleotides form?
Hydrogen bond between bases
and
Sugar phosphate backbone. C5 of sugar on bottom bonds to C3 of sugar above it. repeated.