Chapter 1: Intro to the Chemistry of Life

Question 1

List a couple of elements that can be found in the human body

Answer 1

Carbon, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Hydrogen, Calcium, Magnesium
Hydrogen and Oxygen most prevalent

Question 2

difference between plant cell and human cell

Answer 2

plant has cell wall, chloroplasts

Question 3

first law of thermodynamics?

Answer 3

The First Law of Thermodynamics States That Energy Is Conserved

Question 4

Second law of thermodynamics

Answer 4

The Second Law of Thermodynamics States That Entropy Tends to Increase

Question 5

Functional groups purpose

Answer 5

they ultimately determine the biological activity and traits of the biomolecules

Question 6

compare a condensation reaction and hydrolysis

Answer 6

the elects of water are lost in condensation and hydrolysis is the reverse process, water is added

Question 7

what evolved from simple molecules

Answer 7

complex self-replicating systems

Question 8

Explain why complementarity would have been necessary for the development of self-replicating molecules.

Answer 8

It took randomly assembling molecules through complementarity to make more complex molecules and those that were more organized and able to self-replicate accurately were favored in natural selection.

Question 9

Summarize the major stages of chemical evolution.

Answer 9

formation of organic molecules, Complex Self-Replicating Systems Evolved from Simple Molecules

Question 10

difference between eukaryotes and prokaryotes

Answer 10

Eukaryotes have nucleus, multicellular, more complex,

Prokaryotes are bacteria, unicellular, bigger population, has cytoplasm, cell wall

Question 11

what is the nucleus

Answer 11

the information center of the cell

Question 12

what is the mitochondria

Answer 12

the primary site of atp generation in eukaryotic cells

Question 13

what is endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 13

Sort protein and exchange materials two types : smooth (no ribosomes has other functions) and rough (has ribosomes and protein processes )

Question 14

what is Golgi complex

Answer 14

stacked membranes that sort proteins

Question 15

what are the three evolutionary domains of organisms

Answer 15

eubacteria, archaea, and eukaryote

Question 16

in a closed system the Total energy remains

Answer 16

constant

Question 17

how do you know when Energy is spontaneous

Answer 17

if delta G is less than 0 it is spontaneous or exergenic
if delta G is greater than 0 it is not spontaneous or endergonic

Question 18

what if delta G= 0

Answer 18

it is at equilibrium, there is no net charge

Question 19

equilibrium constant =

Answer 19

Keq

Question 20

entropy =

Answer 20

S
Degree of disorderedness

Question 21

ENTHALPY =

Answer 21

H

Question 22

most important Gibbs free equation?

Answer 22

delta g= delta h-t times delta s

Question 23

temperature

Answer 23

=t in kelvin

Question 24

1 kj equals how many joules

Answer 24

1000

Question 25

how to convert to kelvin

Answer 25

add 273

Question 26

the more exergonic will the equilibrium be larger or smaller

Answer 26

large

Question 27

enzymes do what to the reaction rate

Answer 27

accelerate it

Question 28

do enzymes alter the delta g of a reaction?

Answer 28

no

Question 29

Living Things Maintain what kind of Equilibrium Steady State.

Answer 29

Non-Equilibrium steady state, system maintains homeostasis

Question 30

living organisms are what kind of systems

Answer 30

open

Question 31

enzymes facilitate what

Answer 31

the format of the transition state, and decrease activation energy

Question 32

what is natural selection

Answer 32

the competitive process by which reproductive preference is given to the better adapted, would have favored molecules that made more accurate copies of themselves.

Question 33

what characterizes different types of biomolecules?

Answer 33

functional groups and linkages

Question 34

during chemical evolution?

Answer 34

simple compounds condensed to form more complex molecules and polymers