Chapter 3: Neuropanatomy primer Flashcards
What are the 4 cerebral hemispheres called?
1) Frontal lobe
2) Parietal lobe
3) Temporal lobe
4) Occipital lobe
The parasympathetic system maintains…
Homeostasis
The sympathetic system involves…
Changes necessary to respond to threats
The frontal lobes are associated with
Motor functions, executive functions, expressive language, emotional regulation and planning. (also contains the olfactory cortex).
The parietal lobes are associated with
Somatosensory functions, spatial awareness/attention and visuoperceptial processing
The temporal lobe is associated with
Receptive language, primary auditory cortex, declarative memory, visuospatial processing, mood & affect and olfactory cortex.
The occiptal lobe is associated with
Primary and secondary visual processing
Cerebrovascular supply is from paired internal caratoid arteries for
Anterior supply
Cerebrovscualr supply from paired vertebral arteries is for
Posterior supply
The Medulla and Pons are associated with
Basic life functions!
The cerebellum is associated with
Balance, posture, muscle tone, motor coordination and simple (implicit/non-declarative) learning.
What consists of the Basal Ganglia?
1) Caudate nucleus
2) Putamen
3) Globus pallidus
Afferent pathway
Pathway carrying signals TO THE CNS. Sensory pathways are afferent, sending sensory information to the brain.
Efferent pathway
Pathway carrying signals AWAY from the brain. E.g. taking motor signals from the brain to the muscles.
Insulated lipid layer of an axon formed by specialised glial cells speeds the rate of action potential conduction
Myelin sheath
Gap or space between 2 neuron structures in which neurotransmitter substances are transferred adn cellular communication occues
Synapse
Crevices or infolds of brain.
Sulci
Bumps or ridges between the sulci that give the cortex is characteristic wrinkled appearance.
Gyri
The HINDBRAIN consists of…
1) Medulla
2) Pons
3) Cerebellum
Role of the Medulla..
Life support functions (HR, BP). An area where afferent (sensory) and efferent (motor) pathways intersect.
Role of the pons…
Life support functions (sleep, HR, breathing), arousal and crossed efferent and afferent pathways.
Role of the cerebellum…
Motor control & coordination, balance, posture, equilibrium as well as implicit learning
The dorsal surface of the MIDBRAIN consists of the…
Tectum.
The Tectum consists of the..
Superior colliculi and inferior colliculi
The superior colliculus is involved in
Prelimiary visual processing and control of eye movements (visual attention/reflexes)
The inferior colliculus is inolved in
Automtic orientation to auditory stimuli (auditory attention).
What is the role of the tegmentum
Arousal. Ventral tegmentum area is part of the ‘pleasure centre’ of the brain.
