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Ethics > Chapter 3: Natural Law > Flashcards

Chapter 3: Natural Law Flashcards

1
Q

There have been various thinkers and systems of thought emerging throughout history that could be said to present a

A

natural law theory

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2
Q

Natural law theory: Among them, the one we will be focusing on is the _______ thinker _____ ______

A

medieval

Thomas Aquinas

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3
Q

Thomas Aquinas is a doctor of the ____________

A

Roman Catholic Church

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4
Q

Thomas Aquinas is a _________ who was the preeminent intellectual figure of the scholastic period of ___________, contributing to the doctrine of the faith more than any other figure of his time.

A

Middle Ages

Dominican friar

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5
Q

is a voluminous work that comprehensively discusses many significant points in Christian theology

A

Summa Theologiae, his magnus opus

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6
Q

When was Thomas Aquinas canonized?

A

1323

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7
Q

Aquinas elaborated and maintained in all his works the promise right at the center of ____ _____: that we are created by God in order to ultimately ____to Him.

A

Christian faith

return

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8
Q

Aquinas speaks of God, and although we acknowledge that our ___ ____ _____cannot fully grasp Him, we nevertheless are able to say something concerning His ____, His ______, and His ________

A

limited human intellect

goodness
might
creative power

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9
Q

Summa Theologiae deals with man or the dynamic of human life. ______ in only possible through the presence of __ ____.

A

Salvation
God’s grace

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10
Q

Summa Theologiae focuses on

A

Jesus as our Savior

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11
Q

“the passions”

A

emotions

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12
Q

involved in this process and therefore require the proper order if they are to properly contribute to a good life.

A

emotions

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13
Q

related to certain dispositions (“habits”) in a dynamic way since our actions both arise from our habits and at the same time reinforce them

A

actions

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14
Q

Develop either good or bad habits with a good disposition leading us toward making

A

immoral choices.

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15
Q

about developing the capacities given to us by God, into a disposition of virtue inclined toward the good.

A

Christian life

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16
Q

Aquinas also puts forward that there is within us a _____ that directs our moral thinking

A

conscience

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17
Q

urges a person toward unthinking obedience to religious precepts. Given the problems of he simplistic approach to ethics

A

divine command theory

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18
Q

The central belief of Christian faith—God creates does not only means the He brings about beings, but also means that He cares for, thus governs, the activity of the universe and of every creature.

A

Neoplatonic Good

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19
Q

credited the notion of the idea of a supreme and absolutely transcendent good has shaped and defined the Christian Doctrine of Aquinas while inspired by divine revelation.

A

Plato

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20
Q

trying to envision the ideal society

A

The Republic

21
Q

scholars who decipher the wealth of ideas of Plato.

A

Neoplatonists

22
Q

We recognize that any being we can see around is corporeal, possessed of a certain materiality or physical “stuff”.

A

Material cause

23
Q

A being is individuated- it becomes unique, individual being hat it is- because it is made up of the particular stuff.

A

Material cause

24
Q

The “shape” that makes a being a particular kind.

A

Formal Cause

25
Q

-We also realize that this material takes on a particular shape: so a bird is different from a cat, which is different from a man.

A

Formal Cause

26
Q

Something which brings about the presence of another being.

A

Efficient Cause

27
Q

-One can also realize that this being does not simply pop up from nothing, but comes from another being which is prior to it. Parents beget a child. A mango tree used to be a seed that itself came from an older tree.

A

Efficient Cause

28
Q

It has an apparent end o goal.

A

Final cause

29
Q

-A seed to become a tree or a child to become an adult.

A

Final Cause

30
Q

possibility of change that takes place in a being

A

becoming

31
Q

Aristotle: A new pair of principles is introduced by him which we can refer to as ___ and ___

A

potency and act

32
Q

may carry within itself certain potentials, but these requires the being to actualized.

A

being

33
Q

The process of _____– or change – can thus be explained in this way. Understanding beings, ow they are and how they become or what they could be, is significant Aristotelian contribution to the picture which was given by Aquinas.

A

becoming

34
Q

The idea of transcendent good prior to all being resurfaces in Aquinas in the form of good and loving God

A

Synthesis

35
Q

activity of the outpouring overflowing of God’s goodness.

A

Creation

36
Q

The particular form determines the materiality which makes a being a certain kind of being’ the unique way that we have been created can be called our

A

nature

37
Q

As a rational being we have free will. Through our capacity for reason, we are able to judge between possibilities and to choose to direct our actions in one way or the other.

A

Essence

38
Q

Considering what is good for the community as well as our own good.

A

common good

39
Q

The determination of the proper measure of our acts.

A

law

40
Q

refers to what God wills for creation, how each participant in it is intended to return to Him.

A

eternal law

41
Q

refers to the natural inclination to its proper act and end.

A

natural law

42
Q

refers to all instances wherein human beings construct and enforce laws in the communities.

A

Human Law

43
Q

refers specifically to the instances where we have precepts or instructions that come from divine revelation.

A

divine law

44
Q

In Aquinas view, we have to consider how we human beings are both unique and at the same time participating in the community of the rest of creation.

A

In Common With Other Beings

45
Q

desire to preserves one’s own being

A

In Common With Other Beings

46
Q

In Aquinas view, we human beings has a desire to do with sexual intercourse and the care of one’s offspring.

A

In Common With Other Animals

47
Q

We have a natural inclination to know the truth about God and to live in the society.

A

Uniquely Human

48
Q

➢ Presented three inclinations as bases for moral valuation;

o ___ the self is good
o ___ and the ___ is part of human nature
o Being ___ is what proper to man

A

Preserving
Sexual inclination, sexual act
rational

49
Q

instrumental to ethics that is rooted in the Christian faith

A

natural law theory

Ethics (5 decks)

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