Chapter 2: Utilitarianism Flashcards

1
Q

It is an ethical theory that argues for the goodness of pleasure and the determination
of right behavior based on the usefulness of the action’s consequences.

A

Utilitarianism

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2
Q

It claims that one’s actions and behavior are good inasmuch as they are directed
toward the experience of the greatest pleasure over pain for the greatest number of
person.

A

Utilitarianism

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3
Q

Utilitarianism, Its root word is “____” which refers to the usefulness of the consequences of one’s
actions.

A

utility

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4
Q

meaning the moral value of actions and decisions is based
solely or greatly on the usefulness of their consequences

A

consequentialist

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5
Q

; it is the usefulness of results
that determines whether the action or behavior is good or bad.

A

consequentialist

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6
Q

According to ___ (1748-1832) and ____ (1806-1873), utility
refers to understanding the results of people’s actions.

A

Jeremy Bentham
John Stuart Mill

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7
Q

understanding the results of people’s actions

A

utility

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8
Q

The utilitarian value ___
and ___; this means that the usefulness of actions is based on its promotion of
happiness.

A

pleasure
happiness

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9
Q

is the experience of pleasure for the greatest number of persons,
even at the expense of some individual rights.

A

Happiness

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10
Q

The pursuit for _____ and ____ are in fact the only principle in assessing action’s morality

A

pleasure and pain

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11
Q

The natural preferability of pleasure Mill refers to as

A

theory of life

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12
Q

Refers to our subjection to our sovereign masters: pleasure and pain

A

The Principle of Utility

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13
Q

Refers to the motivation of our actions as guided by our avoidance of pain and our desire for pleasure.

A

The Principle of Utility

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14
Q

He argued that our actions are governed by two sovereign masters – which he calls
“pleasure and pain”.

A

Jeremy Bentham

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15
Q

given to us by nature to help us determine what is good or bad and what to be done and not; they fasten our choices to their throne.

A

pain and pleasure

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16
Q

He equates happiness with pleasure.

A

Jeremy Bentham

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17
Q

Jeremy Bentham provided a framework for evaluating pleasure and pain commonly called

A

Felicific Calculus

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18
Q

In measuring the tendency to choose these actions we need to consider two more dimensions:

A

Fecundity
Extent

19
Q

common currency framework that calculates the pleasure that some actions can produce.

A

Felicific calculus

20
Q

chance it has of being followed by sensations of the same kind, and purity of the chance it has not being followed by sensations of the opposite kind.

A

Fecundity

21
Q

Lastly is consideration of the number of person who are affected by pleasure or pain, another dimension called

A

Extent

22
Q

Felicific calculus

A

allows the evaluation of all actions and their resultant pleasure.

23
Q

He reiterates moral good as happiness, and consequently happiness as pleasure.

A

John Stuart Mill

24
Q

He clarifies that what makes people happy is intended pleasure and what makes us unhappy is the privation of pleasure.

A

John Stuart Mill

25
Q

John Stuart Mill clarifies that what makes people happy is _____ and what makes us unhappy is the _____.

A

intended pleasure
privation of pleasure

26
Q

He dissents from Bentham’s single scale of pleasure. He thinks that the principle of utility must distinguish pleasure qualitatively and not merely quantitatively.

A

John Stuart Mill

27
Q

He dissents from Bentham’s single scale of pleasure. He thinks that the principle of utility must distinguish pleasure ____and not merely ___.

A

qualitatively
quantitatively

28
Q

___ cannot promote the kind of pleasures appropriate for pigs or to any other animals.

A

Utilitarianism

29
Q

Not only about our individual pleasures, regardless of how high,
intellectual, or in other ways noble it is, but it is also about the pleasure of the greatest number affected by the consequence of our actions.

A

Principle of the Greatest Number

30
Q

cannot lead us to selfish acts

A

Utilitarianism

31
Q

Utilitarianism is ____ of sacrifices that procure more happiness for others.

A

not dismissive

32
Q

It is not at all separate from ___ ____practices that aim to improve the quality of life for all persons.

A

liberal social

33
Q

Maximizes the total amount of pleasure over displeasure for the greatest number.

A

Utilitarianism

34
Q

respect for rights directed toward
society’s pursuit for the greatest happiness of the greatest number.

A

justice

35
Q

valid claim on society and are justified by utility

A

Moral rights

36
Q

cannot be discernable in the intention or motivation of the person doing the act;

A

Moral value

37
Q

based solely on the difference it makes on the world’s total amount of pleasure and pain

A

Moral value

38
Q

justifiable on utilitarian principles inasmuch as they produce an overall happiness that is greater than the unhappiness resulting from their implementation.

A

right

39
Q

carry a very strong emotional import because the category of rights is directly associated with the individual’s most vital interests

A

justice

40
Q

neither inviolable nor natural

A

legal rights

41
Q

subject to some exceptions

A

rights

42
Q

not normally justified in accordance to the greatest happiness principl

A

legal rights

43
Q

only justifiable by considerations of greater overall happiness.

A

Moral rights

44
Q
A